Tritoasmoro, Iwan Iwut (2023) Perancangan Framework Kewirausahaan Akademik Untuk Perencanaan Strategis Peumbuhkembangan Start-Up Dan Spin-Off Perguruan Tinggi Berbasis Viable System Model. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Perkembangan ekonomi berbasis ilmu pengetahuan telah menempatkan perguruan tinggi pada peran penting dalam siklus inovasi. Secara global, sedang terjadi perluasan dharma ke-3 perguruan tinggi – Pengabdian Masyarakat – yang mendorong perguruan tinggi untuk menjalankan inovasi, selain fokus pada pengajaran dan penelitian. Gerakan kewirausahaan akademik (academic entrepreneurship) telah menjadi bagian dari agenda pengelolaan ekosistem perguruan tinggi. Sebagaimana praktik di Indonesia, kinerja inovasi mencakup produktivitas dalam menghasilkan start-up dan spin-off, telah ditetapkan sebagai bagian kinerja perguruan tinggi dalam pelaksanaan manajemen inovasi. Gerakan pengembangan start-up secara umum sedang menjadi tren global dalam kancah ekonomi berbasis ilmu pengetahuan. Pada sisi lain penciptaan start-up merupakan proses yang kompleks. Pemerintah Indonesia melalui berbagai program telah mendorong pertumbuhan ekosistem start-up di perguruan tinggi. Meskipun demikian, produktivitas perguruan tinggi di Indonesia dalam menghasilkan perusahaan start-up dan spin-off masih sangat rendah jika dipandang dari potensi jumlah perguruan tinggi yang ada, dan jika dibandingkan terhadap produktifitas perguruan tinggi pada ekosistem kewirausahaan yang lebih mapan. Penelitian tentang penumbuhan perusahaan start-up dan spin-off perguruan tinggi, khususnya dari berbagai negara maju dengan ekosistem kewirausahaan yang relatif mapan, sudah banyak dipublikasikan. Namun demikian, pembahasan framework yang komprehensif untuk pengelolaan ekosistem kewirausahaan akademik khususnya penciptaan dan penumbuhan start-up dan spin-off perguruan tinggi masih menjadi tantangan. Selain itu, penelitian dalam bidang terakit dengan latar pembahasan ekosistem berkembang masih sedikit. Berdasarkan situasi tersebut, penelitian tentang perancang framework strategis pengelolaan kewirausahaan akademis khususnya untuk pengembangan start-up dan spin-off perguruan tinggi di Indonesia ini dilaksanakan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan elaborasi penerapan Viable System Model (VSM) yang memiliki kapasitas sangat baik untuk pemodelan sistem yang kompleks, dielaborasi dengan kerangka Strategic Management (SM) yang memiliki keunggulan sistematis dalam merancang, menerapkan dan mengevaluasi strategi, dan pendekatan Lean Start-up (LS) yang efektif dalam menavigasi pembentukan perusahaan start-up, untuk merancang framework strategis pengelolaan start-up dan spin-off perguruan tinggi secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini telah memberikan luaran: teridentifikasi hambatan dan kekuatan dalam praktik pengembangan start-up dan spin off perguruan tinggi, faktor strategis dalam menunjang perencanaan, rumusan model konseptual, juga utamanya dihasilkan rancangan framework strategis yang telah diuji validasi efektifitas dan kesiapterapannya pada empat perguruan tinggi. Hasil uji validasi pada semua aspek tersebut memperoleh skor rata-rata minimal 8,52 (cenderung sangat setuju) yang berarti framework ini secara umum dapat diterapkan dan diadaptasi untuk pengelolaan inovasi khususnya dalam penumbuhkembangan start-up dan spin-off perguruan tinggi di Indonesia, secara lebih sistematis, terukur, dan berkelanjutan.
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The development of a knowledge-based economy has placed universities at the center of the innovation cycle. Globally, there is an expansion of the 3rd dharma of higher education — community service — which encourages universities to innovate in addition to focusing on teaching and research. The academic entrepreneurship movement has become part of the higher education ecosystem management agenda. As is the practice in Indonesia, innovation performance, which includes productivity in producing start-ups and spin-offs, has been defined as part of higher education performance in implementing innovation management. On the other hand, the start-up development movement is generally becoming a global trend in knowledge-based economic development. The government, as in Indonesia, has encouraged the growth of the start-up ecosystem through various programs, mainly through universities. Nonetheless, the productivity of higher education institutions in Indonesia in producing start-up and spin-off companies is still very low compared to the potential number of existing higher education institutions and the productivity of tertiary institutions with more established entrepreneurial ecosystems. Research on the growth of university start-ups and spin-off companies, especially in developed countries with relatively well-established entrepreneurial ecosystems, has been widely published. However, discussing a comprehensive framework for managing the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem, especially the creation and growth of higher education start-ups and spin-offs, is still challenging. In addition, there is still little research on this topic for discussing developing ecosystems. Based on this situation, research on developing a strategic framework for managing academic entrepreneurship, specifically the development of university start-ups and spin-offs, is required for the Indonesian innovation ecosystem. In this research, an elaboration on the implementation of the Viable System Model (VSM), which has excellent capacity for modeling complex systems, is elaborated with a Strategic Management (SM) framework, which has systematic advantages in designing, implementing, and evaluating strategies, and the Lean Start-up approach (LS), which is effective in navigating the formation of start-up companies, to design a strategic framework for managing university start-ups and spin-offs in a comprehensive manner. This research has provided several outputs: identified constraints and strengths in the practice of developing higher education start-ups and spin-offs, strategic factors in supporting planning; conceptual models, and especially a strategic framework design that has been tested for effectiveness and readiness validation for four universities. The results of the validation test on all of these aspects obtained an average score of at least 8.52 (tend to strongly agree), which means that this framework in general can be applied and adapted for innovation management, especially in the development of university start-ups and spin-offs in Indonesia, in a more systematic, measurable, and sustainable manner.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Entrepreneurial University, Start-up/Spin-off perguruan tinggi, Lean Start-up, Entrepreneurial University, University Start-up/Spin-off, Strategic Management, Viable System Model. |
| Subjects: | L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2300 Higher Education T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.8 Productivity. Efficiency |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > Doctor of Technology Management (DMT) |
| Depositing User: | Iwan Iwut Tritoasmoro |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2023 07:55 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2023 07:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100072 |
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