Pra Desain Pabrik Green Ammonia

Islami, Annisa Nurul and Bakhtiar, Muhammad Yusuf (2023) Pra Desain Pabrik Green Ammonia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pra-desain pabrik green ammonia dibuat dengan teknologi yang tidak menghasilkan emisi gas CO2 sehingga pabrik ammonia ini dikategorikan menjadi green industry. Pxembuatan ammonia dengan metode ini menjadi salah satu peluang karena pabrik ammonia umumnya masih menggunakan bahan baku natural gas dan batubara sementara pabrik green ammonia menggunakan bahan baku udara dan air saja sehingga tidak menghasilkan CO2. Pabrik yang dirancang memiliki kapasitas 240.000 ton/tahun dan akan di bangun di dekat Bendungan Kayan, Kalimantan Utara karena memiliki kapasitas pembangkit listrik yang besar dan dekat dengan jalur perdagangan internasional. Pabrik green ammonia ini memiliki 3 tahapan utama yaitu H2 production, N2 production, dan Ammonia Synthesis. Pertama, produksi hidrogen melalui proses elektrolisis menggunakan jenis elektrolisis alkali. Proses ini memiliki biaya kapital yang relatif rendah daripada metode elektrolis lain. Air dielektrolisis menghasilkan gas H2 dan O¬2. Untuk H2 dimanfaatkan untuk sintesis ammonia dan O2 dibuang ke udara lepas. Untuk listrik, diperoleh dari PLTA Kayan dengan kebutuhan elektrolisis sebesar 355,189 MW dan kapasitas PLTA sebesar 9,6 GW. Kemudian N2 pada pabrik ini menggunakan proses PSA atau pressure swing adsorbtion yang memisahkan N2 dari udara dengan hasil samping oksigen dan argon. Kemudian untuk sintesis amonia digunakan metode proses Haber-Bosch yang mana H2 dan N2 dikompresi sehingga memiliki temperatur dan tekanan yang tinggi dan direaksikan pada reaktor. Kemudian ammonia yang terbentuk akan didinginkan dengan aliran recycle dan utilitas dan diekspansi sampai 5 bar -25oC dan ammonia menjadi liquid. Ammonia akan disimpan pada refrigerated tank untuk menjaga suhu dari produk tetap pada spesifikasi dan menangkap gas yang menguap. Modal dari pabrik ini sebesar 60% modal sendiri dan 40% modal pinjaman dengan angka inflasi di 5,18% dan bunga bank sebesar 7,9% dan nilai WACC sebesar 9,37%. Diperoleh nilai IRR sebesar 13,23%, NPV Rp. 3.402.546.882.843.1, POT 7,4147 tahun, BEP 48,13004%. Sehingga, secara teknis dan ekonomis pabrik ini layak didirikan.
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The pre-designed green ammonia plant is made with technology that does not produce CO2 gas emissions. Therefore, this ammonia plant is classified as a green industry. The production of ammonia with this method is one of the opportunities, because ammonia plants generally still use natural gas and coal as raw materials, while green ammonia plants only use air and water as raw materials, so they do not produce CO2. The designed plant has a capacity of 240,000 tonnes/year and will be built near the Kayan Dam, North Kalimantan, because it has a large power-generating capacity and is close to international trade routes. This green ammonia plant will have 3 main stages, namely the production of H2, the production of N2 and the synthesis of ammonia. The first is the production of hydrogen through an electrolysis process using the alkaline electrolysis type. Compared to other electrolysis methods, this process has a relatively low capital cost. Water is electrolysed in order to produce H2 and O¬2 gas. The H2 is for use in ammonia synthesis and the O2 is for release into the air. The electricity is sourced from the Kayan Hydropower Plant, which has an electrolysis demand of 355,189 MW and a hydroelectric power generation capacity of 9.6 GW. The N2 is then produced at this plant using a PSA or Pressure Swing Adsorption process, which separates the N2 from the air with oxygen and argon as by-products. The Haber-Bosch process is then used for ammonia synthesis, where H2 and N2 are compressed to high temperatures and pressures and reacted in the reactor. The ammonia produced is then cooled with recycle and utility streams and expanded to 5 bar -25oC and the ammonia becomes liquid. The ammonia is stored in refrigerated tanks to keep the product temperature within specifications and to capture evaporated gas. The capital for this plant is 60% equity and 40% debt with inflation at 5.18% and bank interest at 7.9% and a WACC of 9.37%. This gives an IRR value of 13.23%, NPV Rp. 3,402,546,882,843.1, POT 7.4147 years, BEP 48.13004%. The plant is therefore technically and economically feasible.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Green Ammonia, Elektrolisis Alkali, PLTA, Clean Energy, PSA ============================================================ Green Ammonia, Alkaline Electrolysis, Hydropower Plant, Clean Energy, PSA
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Yusuf Bakhtiar
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2023 04:47
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2023 04:47
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100276

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