Afla, Fitra Muhammad (2023) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Holding Time Artificial Aging Pada Hasil Pengelasan Aluminium 6061-T6 Dengan Metode GMAW Terhadap Sifat Mekanik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Semakin besarnya permintaan terkait transportasi di Indonesia semakin berkembang pula industri manufaktur khususnya pada transportasi darat PT. Industri Kereta Api Indonesia menjadi salah satu industri strategis yang memfabrikasi kereta dan menyalurkannya ke seluruh Indonesia bahkan mancanegara. Metode pengelasam GMAW merupakan jenis pengelasan yang cocok digunakan dalam perakitan kereta api karena memiliki kelebihan pada pengelasan aluminium 6061-T6 yang berplat tipis. Pada saat setelah pengelasan dilakukan age hardening dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan mechanical properties. Age hardening memiliki langkah-langkah diantaranya pertama solution heat treatment dengan temperatur 530℃ selama 1 jam, lalu dilakukan quenching dengan media air selanjutnya diberikan artificial aging pada temperature 160℃ dengan beberapa variasi lama holding time. Adapun variasi lama holding time artificial aging diantaranya tanpa perlakuan, 6, 9, dan 12 jam. Setelah dilakukan aging, dilakukan pengujian struktur mikro dengan pengujian metalografi dan terhadap sifat mekanik yaitu uji kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan. Dari hasil pengujian metalografi, didapatkan hasil struktur mikro terbaik diperoleh dari spesimen B9 dengan holding time artificial aging selama 9 jam karena memiliki struktur presipitat Mg₂Si yang lebih banyak, merata, dan batas butir yang jelas pada weld metal, serta struktur kristal kolumnar yang jelas dan banyak sehingga dapat berpengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik. Pada pengujian metalografi didapatkan bahwa spesimen B9 memiliki batas butir yang halus, persebaran presipitat Mg₂Si yang banyak dan menyebar pada weld metal, serta struktur kristal kolumnar yang terlihat lebih halus dan padat dengan dikelilingi presipitat dan α-Al. Pada pengujian kekerasan kenaikan terbesar dimiliki oleh spesimen B9 karena memiliki kenaikan kekerasan tertinggi dengan nilai 80.33 HVN pada weld metal, 81.67 HVN pada HAZ, dan 85.40 HVN pada base metal. Nilai kenaikan pengujian tarik tertinggi dimiliki oleh spesimen B9 dengan nilai yield strength, tensile strength, dan elongation berturut-turut sebesar 164.33 N/mm², 227.33 N/mm², dan 6.97%. Pada pengujian mekanik nilai terbesar memang dimiliki oleh spesimen tanpa pengelasan (plain). Akan tetapi proses artificial aging membuat kenaikan nilai pengujian mekanik seiring bertambahnya waktu penahanan. Maka itu perlakuan artificial aging yang paling disarankan ialah menggunakan holding time 9 jam karena pada waktu penahanan tersebut menghasilkan struktur mikro dan kenaikan mechanical properties yang lebih baik pada hasil pengelasan.
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The greater the demand for transportation in Indonesia, the more developed the manufacturing industry, especially in land transportation, PT. The Indonesian Railroad Industry is one of the strategic industries that manufactures trains and distributes them throughout Indonesia and even abroad. The GMAW welding method is a type of welding that is suitable for use in railroad assembly because it has advantages over welding aluminum 6061-T6 which is thin plated. After welding, age hardening is carried out with the aim of increasing mechanical properties. Age hardening has steps including first solution heat treatment with a temperature of 530℃ for 1 hour, then quenching with water media then given artificial aging at a temperature of 160℃ with several variations of holding time. The variations in the holding time of artificial aging include without treatment, 6, 9 and 12 hours. After aging, microstructure testing was carried out by metallographic testing and on mechanical properties, namely tensile strength and hardness tests. From the metallographic test results, the best microstructure results were obtained from the B9 specimen with a holding time of artificial aging for 9 hours because it has a more uniform, more uniform Mg₂Si precipitate structure and clear grain boundaries on the weld metal, as well as a clear and abundant columnar crystal structure that can affect the mechanical properties. In metallographic testing, it was found that the B9 specimen had fine grain boundaries, a large distribution of precipitates in the weld metal, and a columnar crystal structure that looked finer and denser surrounded by precipitate and α-Al. In the test, the B9 specimen has the largest hardness value because it has the highest increase in hardness with a value of 80.33 HVN for weld metal, 81.67 HVN for HAZ, and 85.40 HVN for base metal. The highest tensile test value was owned by specimen B9 with yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation values of 164.33 N/mm², 227.33 N/mm², and 6.97%, respectively. Therefore, the most recommended artificial aging treatment is to use a holding time of 9 hours because at that time it produces better microstructure and mechanical properties expect speciment without welding treatment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kereta Api, Aluminium 6061-T6, Artificial Aging. Railroad, Aluminium 6061 T-6, Artificial Aging |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN690 Metallography. Physical metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN879.6 Welding T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS227 Welding. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS320 Steel--Metallurgy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fitra Muhammad Afla |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jul 2023 14:26 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jul 2023 14:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100371 |
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