Pra Desain Pabrik Bioavtur Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Metode Hydroprocessed Esters And Fatty Acids

Safiaputri, Khefina Athifiyah and Saputro, RR Widya Arista Widjojo (2023) Pra Desain Pabrik Bioavtur Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dengan Metode Hydroprocessed Esters And Fatty Acids. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Avtur merupakan salah satu bahan bakar terpenting untuk industri penerbangan di dunia. Dalam berkembangnya teknologi, avtur menjadi salah satu pencipta emisi CO2. Oleh karenanya ada sebuah inovasi untuk menciptakan bioavtur sebagai subtitusi bahan bakar penerbangan di dunia. Penggunaan biofuel sebagai bahan bakar penerbangan (bioavtur) masa depan berpotensi memiliki keberlanjutan yang baik (sustainable). Keberlanjutan produksi biofuel akan berakibat pada keberlanjutan usaha reduksi emisi CO2 sepanjang siklusnya (carbon neutral cycle). Biofuel diharapkan memberikan pengurangan dan antisipasi siklus emisi CO2 hingga 80% jika dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil. Pertimbangan utama produksi biofuel khususnya bioavtur adalah ketersediaan bahan baku, biaya, dan keberlangsungannya (sustainability). Total produksi CPO Indonesia pada tiap tahunnya selalu meningkat seiring dengan perluasan lahan, pengembangan metode penanaman, dan kemajuan aplikasi teknologi pupuk. Kandungan Free Fatty Acid (FFA) dan triglyceride dalam CPO sangat cocok diolah menjadi bioavtur sehingga Indonesia berpotensi memproduksi bioavtur endiri dari bahan baku produk pertanian khas Indonesia yaitu CPO. Maka, disusunlah Pra- Desain Pabrik Bioavtur dari CPO dalam upaya menjadikan bioavtur sebagai bahan bakar yang dapat mensubtitusikan bahan bakar konvensional di dunia penerbangan dengan kapasitas 250.000 Kiloliter/tahun yang beroperasi secara kontinu 24 jam selama 330 hari pertahun. Pabrik direncanakan akan berlokasi di Dumai, Riau. Proses pembuatan bioavtur terbagi menjadi tiga bagian proses utama, yaitu Pre-Treatment, yang mana terjadi proses degumming dan bleaching, disini CPO akan di treatment terlebih dahulu sebagai feed utama dalam pembentukan bioavtur, lalu Hydroprocessing, tahap dimana feed sebelumnya di reaksikan dengan H2 di proses hydrotreating dan hydrocracking untuk menjadikan rantai alkana panjang menjadi output bioavtur. Dan tahap pemurnian, hasil dari hydroprocessing akan dipisahkan agar mendapatkan produk murni bioavtur. Rencana pendirian pabrik ini akan dilakukan selama tiga tahun dengan umur pabrik selama 17 tahun. Untuk memproduksi bioavtur sebanyak 250.000 Kiloliter/tahun, diperlukan operating expenditures (OPEX) sebesar Rp 147.806.316.597 dengan capital expenditures (CAPEX) sebesar Rp 642.835.986.860 Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 20% dan modal pinjaman sebesar 80%. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) pabrik ini sebesar 40% dengan bunga sebesar 8% per tahun dan laju inflasi 5,2%. Sedangkan untuk Pay Out Time (POT) selama 8 tahun, dan Net Present Value (NPV) yang bernilai positif yaitu sebesar Rp 14.076.849.222.
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Avtur is one of the most important fuels for the aviation industry in the world. In the development of technology, avtur is one of the creators of CO2 emissions. Therefore there is an innovation to create bioavtur as a substitute for aviation fuel in the world. The use of biofuels as aviation fuel (bioavtur) in the future has the potential to be sustainable. The sustainability of biofuel production will result in the sustainability of CO2 emission reduction efforts throughout its cycle (carbon neutral cycle). Biofuels are expected to provide up to 80% reduction and anticipation of CO2 emission cycles when compared to fossil fuels. The main considerations for biofuel production, especially bioavtur, are the availability of raw materials, costs, and sustainability. Indonesia's total CPO production every year always increases along with land expansion, development of planting methods, and advances in fertilizer technology applications. The content of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and triglyceride in CPO is very suitable for processing into bioavtur so that Indonesia has the potential to produce its own bioavtur from the raw material for Indonesian agricultural products, namely CPO. So, the Pre-Design of Bioavtur Plant from CPO was prepared in an effort to make bioavtur as a fuel that can substitute conventional fuels in the world of aviation with a capacity of 250,000 Kiloliters/year which operates continuously 24 hours for 330 days per year. The factory is planned to be located in Dumai, Riau. The bioavtur manufacturing process is divided into three main process sections, namely Pre-Treatment, where degumming and bleaching processes occur, here CPO will be treated first as the main feed in the formation of bioavtur, then Hydroprocessing, the stage where the previous feed is reacted with H2 in the process of hydrotreating and hydrocracking to make long alkane chains into bioavtur output. And in the purification stage, the results of the hydroprocessing will be separated in order to obtain pure bio-avtur products. The plan to establish this factory will be carried out for three years with a factory life of 17 years. To produce 250,000 Kiloliters of bio-avtur/year, operating expenditures (OPEX) of Rp. 147,806,316,597 are required with capital expenditures (CAPEX) of Rp. 642,835,986,860. The source of investment funds comes from 20% own capital and 80% of loan capital. Based on economic analysis, the factory's Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 40% with an interest rate of 8% per year and an inflation rate of 5.2%. As for Pay Out Time (POT) for 8 years, and a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 14,076,849,222.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bioavtur, Crude Palm Oil, Hydroprocessed Esters And Fatty Acids
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	RR Widya Arista Widjojo Saputro
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2023 02:27
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2023 02:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100460

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