Pra Desain Pabrik Di-(Palmitic Carboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methyl Sulfate (Esterquats) Surfaktan Berbasis Fatty Acid

Andini, Nadhifa Auria and Suparto, Merisa Veronika (2023) Pra Desain Pabrik Di-(Palmitic Carboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methyl Sulfate (Esterquats) Surfaktan Berbasis Fatty Acid. Other thesis, InstitutTeknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Surfaktan (Surface Active Agent) merupakan molekul kimia dengan karakteristik yang dapat menurunkan tegangan permukaan antara dua fasa cairan berbeda berdasarkan sifat kepolarannya. Esterquat adalah senyawa surfaktan kationik berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit yang mengandung ion amonium kuaterner sebagai bagian hidrofilik-nya. Esterquat secara signifikan telah menggantikan surfaktan pendahuluya (dimethyl disteril) karena memiliki karakteristik yang lebih mudah terurai secara hayati dan menunjukkan tingkat toksisitas yang rendah. Esterquat dapat digunakan sebagai bahan aktif pelembut (softener) dan produk personal care, diproduksi dengan cara proses esterifikasi dan kuartenerisasi. Pabrik Pabrik Di-(Palmitic Carboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methyl Sulfate (Esterquat) Surfaktan Berbasis Fatty Acid direncanakan dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 30.000 ton per tahun didirikan di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Sei Mangkei, Sumatera Utara karena dekat dengan sumber bahan baku, tersedianya fasilitas penunjang, transportasi dan tenaga kerja. Berdasarkan analisa neraca massa dan neraca energi, pabrik ini membutuhkan bahan baku Fatty Acid 2111,03 sebanyak kg/jam, triethanolamine sebanyak 667,49 kg.jam, HPA sebanyak 4,22 kg/jam, DMS sebanyak 533,31 kg/jam, dan IPA sebanyak 277,6 kg/jam. Sedangkan untuk low pressure steam sebanyak 103,184 kg/jam, medium pressure steam sebanyak 468,39 kg/jam, dan cooling water sebanyak 34966,59 kg/jam. Pengolahan fatty acid menjadi esterquat melalui 2 tahap reaksi utama, yaitu tahap esterifikasi dan tahap quaternisasi. Tahap esterifikasi merupakan tahap pembentukan esteramine dari reaksi antara fatty acid dan triethanolamine pada reaktor batch dengan tingkat konversi mencapai 99% yang beroperasi dengan tekanan 0,2 bar dan temperatur 170°C. Sedangkan tahap quaternisasi merupakan tahap pembuatan esteramine secara batch dari reaksi esteramine dan dimetil sulfat (DMS) reaktor batch untuk mencapai konversi reaksi 91,4%. Hasil dari tahap quaternisasi merupakan esterquat dengan konsentrasi 84% w/w. Pabrik ini membutuhkan investasi awal Rp 828.939.202.144 dimana setelah proses konstruksi 2 tahun dan produksi 15 tahun, didapatkan nilai IRR 17.580% dan Pay Out Time 5.86 tahun, dengan WACC sebesar 9,318%.
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Surfactant (Surface Active Agent) is a chemical molecule with characteristics that can lower the surface tension between two different liquid phases based on their polarity. Esterquat is a cationic surfactant compound made from palm oil as the raw material, containing quaternary ammonium ions as its hydrophilic part. Esterquat has significantly replaced its predecessor surfactant (dimethyl disteril) due to its easier biodegradability and low toxicity level. Esterquat can be used as an active ingredient in softeners and personal care products, produced through the processes of esterification and quaternization. Pre Design Plant of Fatty Acid Based Di-(Palmitic Carboxyethyl) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Ammonium Methyl Sulfate (Esterquat) Surfactant, with a planned production capacity of 30,000 tons per year, is to be established in the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone (KEK), North Sumatra, due to its proximity to raw material sources, availability of supporting facilities, transportation, and workforce. Based on mass and energy balance analysis, this plant requires 2111,03 kg/h of Fatty Acid as raw material, 667,49 kg/h of triethanolamine, 4,22 kg/h of HPA, 533,31 kg/h of DMS, and 277,6 kg/h of IPA. Additionally, it requires 103,184kg/h of low-pressure steam, 468,39 kg/h of medium-pressure steam, and 34966,59 kg/h of cooling water. The processing of fatty acid into esterquat involves two main reaction stages: esterification and quaternization. The esterification stage is the production of intermediate esteramine from the reaction between fatty acid and triethanolamine in a batch reactor, with a conversion rate of up to 99%. It operates at a pressure of 0.2 bar and a temperature of 170°C. The quaternization stage is the batch production of esteramine from the reaction between esteramine and dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in a batch reactor, achieving a reaction conversion rate of 89.7%. The result of the quaternization stage is esterquat with a concentration of 91,4% w/w, ready to be stored and sold to the fabric softener or other cleaning product manufacturing industries. The initial investment required for this plant is Rp 828.939.202.144, and after construction process of 2 years and 15 years of production, it yields an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 17.580% and a Pay Out Time of 5.86 years, with a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of 9.318%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Esterquats, Esterifikasi, Fatty Acid, Quarternisasi, Surfaktan. Esterquats, Esterification, Fatty Acid, Quarternisation, Surfactant.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP994 Surface active agents.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nadhifa Auria Andini
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2023 02:52
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2023 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100481

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