Pengolahan Lanjutan Frass dan Limbah Samping Black Soldier Fly dengan Vermicomposting

Magfiroh, Ilma Linda (2023) Pengolahan Lanjutan Frass dan Limbah Samping Black Soldier Fly dengan Vermicomposting. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengomposan dengan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) banyak diminati dalam mengolah sampah organik biodegradable karena metodenya mudah, waktu singkat (12 hari), hasil dekomposisi (frass) yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk, dan larva BSF dapat menjadi pakan ternak tinggi nutrisi. Namun, proses pengomposan yang singkat menghasilkan frass yang belum matang (C/N 26,84) dengan tingkat fitotoksisitas rendah serta menyisakan residu yang mengandung selulosa. Oleh karena itu, frass BSF perlu dilakukan pengolahan lanjutan agar dapat diaplikasikan pada tanaman. Selain itu, persiapan larva BSF juga menghasilkan timbulan limbah samping berupa exuviae dan bangkai lalat. Limbah samping ini akan semakin bertambah jika tidak dilakukan pengolahan lanjutan. Alternatif pengolahan lanjutan frass dan limbah samping BSF adalah vermicomposting, karena cacing dapat mendegradasi semua jenis sampah organik sekalipun mengandung selulosa, meningkatkan kualitas hasil dekomposisi, dan mengurangi timbulan limbah samping BSF. Maka, dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas vermicomposting dalam mengolah frass dan limbah BSF, meliputi aspek komposisi media yang sesuai, tingkat reduksi, dan karakteristik hasil dekomposisinya. Vermicomposting dilakukan selama 20 hari dalam reaktor 36 L menggunakan cacing Eisenia foetida berumur 2 bulan yang memiliki tingkat vorasi tinggi. Vermicomposting dilakukan tanpa feeding untuk mengoptimalkan proses degradasi. Media yang digunakan adalah frass BSF, limbah exuviae, dan bangkai BSF serta sampah kebun yang telah mengalami pra-pengomposan 10 hari sebagai nutrisi tambahan cacing. Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pengukuran berat cacing dan hasil dekomposisi, serta analisis kualitas hasil dekomposisi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa vermicomposting dengan Eisenia foetida efektif untuk mengolah lebih lanjut frass BSF dan limbah sampingnya. Variasi B (100% pre-kompos sampah kebun), variasi C (50% frass dan 50% pre-kompos sampah kebun), variasi G (100% sampah exuviae), dan variasi H (50% exuviae dan 50% pre-kompos sampah kebun) merupakan komposisi media yang sesuai untuk vermicomposting menggunakan cacing Eisenia foetida. Tingkat reduksi variasi B sebesar 77,89%, variasi C sebesar 65,48%, variasi G sebesar 35,46%, dan variasi H sebesar 52,32%. Variasi-variasi tersebut menghasilkan vermikompos yang memenuhi standar mutu kematangan kompos sesuai SNI 19-7030-2004 dan standar pupuk organik berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pertanian No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. Vermikompos variasi B memiliki pH 7, suhu 32,5°C, kadar air 41,37%, TOC 45,42%, TKN 2,42%, dan C/N 18,80. Vermikompos variasi C memiliki pH 6,85, suhu 33°C, kadar air 28,37%, TOC 28,08%, TKN 1,70%, dan C/N 17,30. Vermikompos variasi G memiliki pH 7, suhu 34°C, kadar air 40,36%, TOC 38,69%, TKN 2,99%, dan C/N 14,53. Vermikompos variasi H memiliki pH 7, suhu 33°C, kadar air 45,78%, TOC 37,73%, TKN 3,36%, dan C/N 11,29.
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Composting with Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae is popular in processing biodegradable organic waste because the method is easy, the time required is short (12 days), the decomposition products (frass) can be used as fertilizer, and the BSF larvae can be used as high nutrient feed. However, the short process of composting produces immature frass (C/N 26.84) with low phytotoxicity and leaves cellulose residues. Therefore, frass needs further processing to be applied to crops. In addition, BSF larvae preparation also generates by-waste like exuviae and BSF carcasses. This by-waste will increase if not treated. The alternative to treating frass and BSF by-waste is vermicomposting, as worms can degrade organic waste even cellulosic waste, increase the decomposition quality, and reduce the BSF by-waste generation. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of vermicomposting in further processing BSF frass and by-waste, which includes aspects of suitable composition media, reduction rate, and characteristics of the decomposition results. Vermicomposting was conducted for 20 days in a 36 L reactor using 2-month-old Eisenia foetida worms that have a high voration rate. Vermicomposting was conducted without feeding to optimize the degradation process. The media used were BSF frass, exuviae, BSF carcasses, and garden waste that had been pre-composted for 10 days as additional nutrients, earthworm weight, decomposition product weight, and decomposition quality were measured at the end ured. The results showed that vermicomposting with Eisenia foetida was effective as post-treatment of BSF frass and its by-waste. Variation B (100% pre-composted garden waste), variation C (50% frass and 50% pre-composted garden waste), variation G (100% exuviae), and variation H (50% exuviae and 50% pre-composted garden waste) were suitable composition media for vermicomposting using Eisenia foetida. The reduction rate in variation B was 77,89%, variation C was 65,48%, variation G was 35,46%, and variation H was 52,32%. These variations produce vermicompost that fulfills the compost maturity standards of SNI 19-7030-2004 and the organic fertilizer standards of the Decree of the Agriculture Minister Number 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019. Vermicompost variation B has pH 7, temperature 32,5°C, water content 41,37%, TOC 45,42%, TKN 2,42%, dan C/N 18,80. Vermicompost variation C has pH 6,85, temperature 33°C, moisture content 28,37%, TOC 28,08%, TKN 1,70%, and C/N 17,30. Vermicompost variation G has pH 7, temperature 34°C, moisture content 40,36%, TOC 38,69%, TKN 2,99%, and C/N 14,53. Vermicompost variation H has pH 7, temperature 33°C, moisture content 45,78%, TOC 37,73%, TKN 3,36%, and C/N 11,29.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Eisenia foetida, frass Black Soldier Fly, limbah samping Black Soldier Fly, pengolahan lanjutan, vermicomposting,; Black Soldier Fly frass, Black Soldier Fly by-waste, Eisenia foetida, post-treatment, vermicomposting
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD796.5 Composting
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ilma Linda Magfiroh
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2023 16:11
Last Modified:	28 Aug 2023 01:03
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100593

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