Pra-Desain Pabrik Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO) Skala UMKM dari Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)

Assidiqie, Gloria Islamy and Siregar, Albar Sutan Bahari (2023) Pra-Desain Pabrik Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO) Skala UMKM dari Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pabrik CPO (Crude Palm Oil) dan CPKO (Crude Palm Kernel Oil) skala UMKM didirikan bertujuan untuk menyerap tandan buah segar (TBS) dari petani sawit yang terkadang sulit dijual, harganya rendah, atau petani tidak punya teknologi untuk mengolah sawitnya menjadi CPO dan CPKO. Pabrik ini memiliki kapasitas 330.000 kg/tahun. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di Desa Batu Ampar, Kecamatan Kemuning, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Pemilihan lokasi ini didasarkan oleh seleksi terhadap dua lokasi lain, yaitu Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan Jambi. Seleksi tersebut menggunakan enam kriteria, yaitu ketersediaan bahan baku, upah tenaga kerja, area pemasaran, fasilitas transportasi, ketersediaan tenaga kerja, dan ketersediaan utilitas. Bahan baku pabrik ini menggunakan kelapa sawit berjenis tenera dikarenakan perbandingan mesocarp dan endosperm sebanding jika dibandingkan dengan 2 jenis lainnya. Produk CPO dan CPKO yang dihasilkan disesuaikan standar yang ditetapkan oleh SNI. Dalam pemenuhan kapasitas tersebut, pabrik akan berdiri secara kontinyu 24 jam per hari selama 330 hari per tahun. Pabrik ini terdiri atas 3 stasiun, yaitu stasiun TBS (Tandan Buah Segar), CPO (Crude Palm Oil), dan CPKO (Crude Palm Kernel Oil). Stasiun TBS adalah stasiun pengolahan TBS yang terdiri atas perebusan pertama TBS dengan vertical sterilizer, pelepasan buah kelapa sawit dari tandan kosong dengan Rotary Drum Stripper, perebusan kedua buah kelapa sawit dengan Digester, dan pengepresan buah kelapa sawit yang menghasilkan CPO dan kernel dengan Screw Press. Selanjutnya adalah stasiun CPO yang bertujuan untuk mengolah CPO hasil pengepresan yang masih memiliki pengotor di dalamnya. Di stasiun CPO, mula-mula difilter dengan Vibrating Screen, kemudian CPO diendapkan dengan Vertical Clarifier Tank, kemudian kadar air yang ada dihilangkan dengan CPO Drying Tank, setelah itu, suhu CPO perlu diturunkan dengan cooler, dan terakhir disimpan di CPO Storage Tank. Lalu, pada stasiun CPKO, kernel yang didapatkan dari stasiun TBS kemudian dipisahkan dari serabut hasil pengepresan dengan Depericarper, setelah itu kernel dipecahkan dari cangkangnya dengan Ripple Mill, cangkang dan kernel perlu dipisahkan dengan Hydrocyclone, kernel yang masih mengandung air kemudian dikeringkan dengan Kernel Silo Dryer, setelah itu, kernel yang diperoleh dipress dengan Screw Press dan menghasilkan CPKO, CPKO tersebut masih terdapat pengotor sehingga perlu difilter dengan filter press, CPKO perlu diturunkan kandungan airnya dengan menggunakan CPKO Drying Tank, dan diturunkan suhunya dengan Cooler. Terakhir disimpan pada CPKO Storage Tank. Pabrik ini tergolong Usaha Menengah. Berdasarkan studi evaluasi ekonomi pabrik, penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar penjualan sebesar Rp4.312.656.476,14, biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp23.101.878.124,39/tahun, dengan estimasi hasil penjualan sebesar Rp23.820.821.640,00/tahun. Selain itu, berdasarkan analisa ekonomi terhadap laju pengembalian modal (IRR) sebesar 12% dengan bunga pinjaman sebesar 4,8% per tahun. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik CPO dan CPKO skala UMKM dengan kapasitas 330.000 kg/tahun tidak layak untuk didirikan.

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The MSME-scale CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and CPKO (Crude Palm Kernel Oil) plant was established to absorb fresh fruit bunches (FFB) from oil palm farmers that are sometimes difficult to sell, the price is low, or farmers do not have the technology to process their palm oil into CPO and CPKO. The plant has a capacity of 330,000 kg/year. The plant will be established in Batu Ampar Village, Kemuning District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The selection of this location is based on the selection of two other locations, namely Central Kalimantan and Jambi Province. The selection used six criteria, namely the availability of raw materials, labor wages, marketing area, transportation facilities, labor availability, and availability of utilities. The raw material for this plant uses tenera type oil palm because the ratio of mesocarp and endosperm is comparable when compared to the other two types. CPO and CPKO products produced are adjusted to the standards set by SNI. In order to fulfil its capacity, the plant will be running continuously 24 hours per day for 330 days per year. The mill consists of 3 stations, namely FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunches), CPO (Crude Palm Oil), and CPKO (Crude Palm Kernel Oil) stations. The FFB station is a FFB processing station consisting of the first boiling of FFB with a vertical sterilizer, the release of oil palm fruits from empty bunches with a Rotary Drum Stripper, the second boiling of oil palm fruits with Digester, and the pressing of oil palm fruits that produce CPO and kernels with Screw Press. Next is the CPO station which aims to process the pressed CPO which still has impurities in it. At the CPO station, it is first filtered with a Vibrating Screen, then the CPO is precipitated with a Vertical Clarifier Tank, then the existing moisture content is removed with a CPO Drying Tank, after that, the CPO temperature needs to be lowered with a cooler, and finally stored in the CPO Storage Tank. Then, at the CPKO station, the kernels obtained from the FFB station are then separated from the fibers from the press with a Depericarper, after which the kernels are broken from the shell with a Ripple Mill, the shell and kernels need to be separated with a Hydrocyclone, the kernels that still contain water are then dried with a Kernel Silo Dryer, after that, the kernels obtained are pressed with a Screw Press and produce CPKO, the CPKO still has impurities so it needs to be filtered with a filter press, CPKO needs to be reduced in water content using the CPKO Drying Tank, and lowered the temperature with a Cooler. Finally, it is stored in the CPKO Storage Tank. This plant is classified as a medium-sized enterprise. Based on the economic evaluation study of the plant, the capital assessment (CAPEX) amounted to sales of Rp4,312,656,476.14, operating costs (OPEX) amounted to Rp23.101.878.124,39/Tahun, with estimated sales proceeds of Rp23.820.821.640,00/year. In addition, based on the economic analysis of the rate of return on capital (IRR) of 12% with a loan interest of 4.8% per year. It can be concluded that an MSME-scale CPO and CPKO plant with a capacity of 330,000 kg/year is not feasible to establish.

Keywords: Crude Palm Oil, Crude Palm Kernel Oil, MSME

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	minyak kelapa sawit, minyak inti sawit, UMKM, Crude Palm Oil, Crude Palm Kernel Oil, MSME
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Gloria Islamy Assidiqie
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2023 00:59
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2023 00:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/100982

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