Kamil, Talia (2023) Analisis Pengaruh Campuran Palm Oil-based Polyol dan Rasio NCO:OH Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Mekanis Rigid Polyurethane Foam Sebagai Aplikasi Model Cancellous Bone. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPUF) menjadi salah satu material alternatif sebagai model tulang buatan cancellous bone karena dapat dibuat dengan karakteristik fisik dan mekanis yang mendekati cancellous bone manusia. Pembuatan RPUF menggunakan dua bahan utama yaitu isocyanate yang kemudian disebut dengan NCO, dan polyol yang kemudian disebut dengan OH, umumnya menggunakan polyol berbahan dasar minyak bumi (petroleum-based polyol). Polyol berbasis minyak bumi tersebut tidak terbarukan dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, belum terdapat formulasi komposisi RPUF yang tepat untuk memperoleh karakteristik fisik dan mekanis dengan grade 10 sesuai standar ASTM F1839-08 yang dapat mewakili cancellous bone. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengurangi penggunaan petroleum-based polyol agar menghasilkan produk yang lebih ramah lingkungan serta dapat terbentuk RPUF grade 10 sesuai ASTM F1839, maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan RPUF menggunakan pencampuran natural renewable polyol yakni campuran palm oil-based polyol dengan petroleum-based polyol. Adapun variabel yang pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan campuran palm oil-based polyol dengan petroleum-based polyol dan rasio NCO:OH yang bertujuan agar diperoleh RPUF dengan grade 10 sesuai standar ASTM F1839-08. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan campuran palm oil-based polyol dan petroleum-based polyol dengan fraksi perbandingan (25:75) ; (50:50) ; dan (75:25) dan variasi rasio NCO:OHx yaitu (1:1) ; (1,25:1) ; dan (1,5:1). Pengaruh variabel tersebut terhadap karakteristik fisik dan mekanis RPUF yang terbentuk diuji dengan pengujian densitas, compressive strength dan compressive modulus, dan screw pullout sesuai dengan standar ASTM F1839-08 serta secara mikrografi menggunakan scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diperoleh hasil analisis bahwa penambahan campuran palm oil-based polyol dan petroleum-based polyol dengan rasio 25:75 mampu meningkatkan karakteristik fisik dan mekanis RPUF hanya pada variasi rasio NCO:OH 1,5 dan variasi rasio NCO:OH 1,25, serta mampu merepresentasikan model cancellous bone grade 10 ASTM F1839-08. Sedangkan penambahan campuran palm oil-based polyol dan petroleum-based polyol dengan rasio 50:50 dan rasio 75:25 pada seluruh variasi rasio NCO:OH, justru menurunkan karakteristik fisik dan mekanis RPUF. Penggunaan rasio NCO:OH lebih dari 1:1 juga mampu meningkatkan karakteristik fisik dan mekanis RPUF dimana sampel yang memiliki nilai karakteristik fisik dan mekanis tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh sampel 75PPG(1,5) dengan compressive strength sebesar 1,9515 MPa, compressive modulus sebesar 35,2 MPa, screw pullout strength sebesar 343 N, densitas sebesar 180,05 kg/m³, cell area sebesar 63.555 µm², dan cell wall thickness sebesar 2,734 µm², dengan grade foam 10 sesuai standar ASTM F1839-08.
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Rigid Polyurethane Foam (RPUF) is an alternative material for a model of the artificial cancellous bone because it can be created with physical and mechanical characteristics close to human cancellous bone. RPUF uses two main ingredients: isocyanate, called NCO, and polyol, called OH, where the common polyol used is petroleum-based. We know that petroleum-based polyols are non-renewable and not environmentally friendly materials. In addition, there is no exact RPUF formulation to obtain physical and mechanical characteristics according to ASTM F1839-08 standard grade 10 that can represent cancellous bone. Therefore, to reduce the uses of petroleum-based polyol in order to produce more environmentally friendly products and possible to form RPUF grade 10 according to ASTM F1839-08, in this study, RPUF was made using natural renewable polyol such as a mixture of palm oil-based polyol with petroleum�based polyol. The variables in this study are the ratio of palm oil-based polyol to petroleum-based polyol and the ratio of NCO:OH, which aims to obtain RPUF with grade 10 according to ASTM F1839-08 standard. In this study, a mixture of palm oil-based polyol and petroleum-based polyol used fraction ratios are (25:75); (50:50); and (75:25), and the variations of the NCO:OHx ratios are (1:1); (1.25:1); and (1.5:1). The effect of these variables on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the formed RPUF were tested by density test, compressive strength and compressive modulus test, and screw pullout test in accordance to ASTM F1839- 08 standards also by micrographically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was analyzed that the addition of a mixture of palm oil-based polyol and petroleum�based polyol with a ratio of 25:75 was able to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of RPUF only at the sample with the variation of NCO:OH ratio 1.5 and variation of NCO:OH ratio 1.25, and was able to represent the model of cancellous bone grade 10 ASTM F1839-08. Meanwhile, the addition of palm oil-based polyol and petroleum-based polyol mixtures with a ratio of 50:50 and a ratio of 75:25 in all variations of the NCO:OH ratio decreased the physical and mechanical characteristics of RPUF. Also, the use of NCO:OH ratios more than 1:1, was able to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of RPUF where the sample that had the highest value of physical and mechanical characteristics was shown by 75PPG(1.5) sample with the compressive strength is 1.9515 MPa, the compressive modulus is 35.2 MPa, screw pullout strength is 343 N, density is 180.05 kg/m³, cell area is 63,555 µm², and cell wall thickness is 2,734 µm², with foam grade 10 according to ASTM F1839-08 standard
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | densitas, kekuatan tekan, palm oil-based polyol, rasio NCO:OH, struktur mikro, compressive strength, density, microstructure, NCO:OH ratio, palm oil-based polyol |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QP Physiology > QP801.P64 Polymers--Biodegradation R Medicine > RD Surgery > RD130 Artificial organs; Prosthesis T Technology > T Technology (General) > TA404 Materials--Biodegradation T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS161 Materials management. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Talia Kamil |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2023 02:50 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2023 02:50 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/101062 |
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