Amir, Muhamad Hafidz Syah (2023) Volume Calculation and Distribution of Sidoarjo Mud Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Imagery and TLS Data. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sidoarjo Mud is one of the mud volcano phenomena, which is widely found in the northern part of Java Island and formed in the Eastern Kendeng Zone. A mud volcano is a phenomenon in which mud material is released from the earth due to pressure (eruption). The mud continuously flows and grows around the center of the embankments. This phenomenon has caused the embankments to break several times due to the uncontainable mud volume. Observing the volume, distribution, and direction of the mudflow is expected to help overcome this problem. The distribution of Sidoarjo Mud was determined using Sentinel-2 imagery, and the volume was calculated using point cloud data from TLS. Trapezoidal and Simpson methods will be used to determine the mud volume with variations in grid size (5 m and 10 m). The interpretation of Sentinel-2 imagery was conducted on February 2nd, April 3rd, and June 2nd using the visual interpretation method. The mud classifications consisted of Watery Mud, Wet Mud, and Dry Mud. The overall accuracy of interpretation is 88.46% considered valid data. The mud distribution results indicated that the direction of mudflows primarily occurs towards the South-West, East, and North, with a slight inclination towards the West. Based on the data processed from field observations using TLS, the total volume of Sidoarjo Mud inside the embankment was 32,793,917.171 m³ in February 2022, 32,889,012.793 m³ in April 2022, and 33,390,051.407 m³ in June 2022. The volume calculation results show a difference of 95,095.622 m³ between February and April and a difference of 501,038.613 m³ between April and June. The mud flow rate for the February-April period is 1872.114 m³/day, while for the April-June period, the mud flow rate is 9,278.492 m³/day.
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Lumpur Sidoarjo adalah salah satu fenomena lumpur vulkanik, yang banyak ditemukan di bagian utara Pulau Jawa dan terbentuk di Zona Kendeng Timur. Lumpur vulkanik adalah fenomena di mana material lumpur dilepaskan dari bumi karena tekanan (erupsi). Lumpur terus mengalir dan tumbuh di sekitar pusat tanggul. Fenomena ini telah menyebabkan tanggul pecah beberapa kali karena volume lumpur yang tidak terkendali. Diharapkan dengan mengamati volume, distribusi, dan arah aliran lumpur dapat membantu mengatasi masalah ini. Distribusi Lumpur Sidoarjo ditentukan menggunakan citra Sentinel-2, dan volume dihitung menggunakan data point cloud dari TLS. Metode trapesium dan Simpson akan digunakan untuk menentukan volume lumpur dengan variasi ukuran grid (5 m dan 10 m). Interpretasi citra Sentinel-2 dilakukan pada tanggal 2 Februari, 3 April, dan 2 Juni menggunakan metode interpretasi visual. Klasifikasi lumpur terdiri dari Lumpur Berair, Lumpur Basah, dan Lumpur Kering. Akurasi interpretasi secara keseluruhan adalah 88,46% yang dianggap data valid. Hasil distribusi lumpur menunjukkan bahwa arah aliran lumpur terjadi ke arah Barat Daya, Timur, dan Utara, dengan sedikit kecenderungan ke arah Barat. Berdasarkan data yang diproses dari observasi lapangan menggunakan TLS, total volume Lumpur Sidoarjo di dalam tanggul adalah 32.793.917,171 m³ pada bulan Februari 2022, 32.889.012,793 m³ pada bulan April 2022, dan 33.390.051,407 m³ pada bulan Juni 2022. Hasil perhitungan volume menunjukkan perbedaan sebesar 95.095,622 m³ antara bulan Februari dan April dan perbedaan sebesar 501.038,613 m³ antara bulan April dan Juni. Laju aliran lumpur untuk periode Februari-April adalah 1872,114 m³/hari, sedangkan untuk periode April-Juni, laju aliran lumpur adalah 9.278,492 m³/hari.
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