Model Dinamika Sistem Dalam Optimalisasi Biaya Distribusi Pupuk Domestik (Wilayah Tanggung Jawab PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda)

Ilhammullah, M Farza Nur (2023) Model Dinamika Sistem Dalam Optimalisasi Biaya Distribusi Pupuk Domestik (Wilayah Tanggung Jawab PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pupuk di Indonesia memiliki peluang pasar yang cukup besar, hingga menarik pesaing baru dari negara-negara asing. Meskipun kapasitas produksi domestik dari perusahaan-perusahaan milik negara cukup untuk memenuhi permintaan, impor pupuk masih cukup besar. Hal ini menimbulkan opportunity cost bagi produsen lokal yang harus bersaing dengan perusahaan asing yang menawarkan harga kompetitif. PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda (PIM) merupakan salah satu perusahaan dalam industri pupuk dengan wilayah tanggung jawab yang meliputi Sumatra Barat, Sumatra Utara, Riau – Kep. Riau, dan Aceh, menghadapi tantangan dalam mendistribusikan pupuk secara efektif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dan menjaga stok minimum. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, studi ini mengembangkan scenario distribusi alternatif dengan mempertimbangkan efisiensi biaya, keandalan pasokan, lokasi, waktu, dan faktor transportasi. Skenario-skenario tersebut melibatkan distribusi multimoda dengan dua moda transportasi, menggunakan kapal untuk gudang level II dan truk untuk gudang level III. Empat skenario distribusi utama diformulasikan, termasuk perjalanan general cargo single trip dan milk run, serta perjalanan container single trip dan milk run. Skenario truck terdiri dari in bag truk dan containerized in bag truk. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode System dynamics untuk menggambarkan, memodelkan, mensimulasikan, dan menganalisis masalah atau sistem yang kompleks secara dinamis, dan dengan menggunakan software Powersim Studio 8 untuk mengevaluasi tingkat persediaan, biaya distribusi, dan dampak fluktuasi konsumsi pupuk. Kebijakan yang optimal dan model optimasi, serta penyesuaian jumlah perjalanan kapal dan tingkat transfer diperlukan untuk dapat mempertahankan minimum stock dan memastikan pasokan pupuk yang dapat diandalkan. Dari hasil simulasi diketahui bahwa pada cluster Sumatra Utara dan Riau – Kepri, biaya distribusi terendah didapatkan dengan menggunakan scenario container single trip dengan kapasitas kapal 167 TEUs. Sedangkan pada cluster Sumatra Barat sendiri, biaya terendah didapatkan dengan menggunakan scenario general cargo milk run dengan kapasitas kapal 7.175-ton. Untuk cluster Aceh sendiri dengan model distribusi all-truck, scenario in bag trucking merupakan skenario dengan biaya terendah. Biaya distribusi bergantung pada komponen biaya yang digunakan dalam model, sehingga penggunaan input yang efektif dalam sistem distribusi mampu memberikan biaya yang efektif pula.
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The fertiliser industry in Indonesia has considerable market opportunities, attracting new competitors from foreign countries. Although the domestic production capacity of state-owned companies is sufficient to meet demand, fertiliser imports are still substantial. This creates opportunity costs for local producers who must compete with foreign companies that offer competitive prices. PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda (PIM), one of the companies in the fertiliser industry with an area of responsibility covering West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau - Riau Islands, and Aceh, faces the challenge of distributing fertiliser effectively to meet consumer needs and maintain minimum stocks. To address these challenges, this study develops alternative distribution scenarios by considering cost efficiency, supply reliability, location, timing, and transport factors. The scenarios involve multimodal distribution with two modes of transport, using ships for level II warehouses and trucks for level III warehouses. Four main distribution scenarios were formulated, including general cargo single trip and milk run, and container single trip and milk run. The truck scenario consists of in bag trucks and containerised in bag trucks. Simulations were conducted using the System dynamics method to dynamically describe, model, simulate, and analyse complex problems or systems, and using Powersim Studio 8 software to evaluate inventory levels, distribution costs, and the impact of fluctuations in fertiliser consumption. Optimal policies and optimisation models, as well as adjustments to the number of ship trips and transfer rates are required to be able to maintain minimum stock and ensure reliable fertiliser supply. From the simulation results, it is known that in the North Sumatra and Riau - Riau Islands clusters, the lowest distribution cost is obtained by using a single trip container scenario with a ship capacity of 167 TEUs. While in the West Sumatra cluster itself, the lowest cost is obtained by using the general cargo milk run scenario with a ship capacity of 7,175-tonnes. For the Aceh cluster itself with the all-truck distribution model, the in bag trucking scenario is the lowest cost scenario. Distribution costs depend on the cost components used in the model, so the use of effective inputs in the distribution system can provide effective costs as well.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Distribusi, Multimoda, Pupuk Bersubsidi, Sistem Dinamik, Distribution, Multimodal, Subsidised Fertilizer, System Dynamics
Subjects:	V Naval Science > V Naval Science (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	M Farza Nur Ilhammullah
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2023 01:59
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2023 14:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/101456

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