Rahadian, Galih Atsal (2023) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Bahan Bakar Penggunaan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Pada Proses Co-firing dengan Batubara LRC 4200 Terhadap Performa PLTU 400 MW Menggunakan Simulasi Cycle Tempo 5.0. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Produksi energi listrik banyak memanfaatkan penggunaan energi fosil tidak terbarukan. Beberapa sektor industri sudah mulai mengembangkan teknologi pemanfaatan biomassa dengan menggunakan co-firing. Co-firing merupakan proses pencampuran biomassa sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fossil untuk kebutuhan bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh biomassa terhadap performa boiler pada pembangkit. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak cycle-tempo 5.0 pada dua kondisi pembebanan berbeda yaitu TMCR 100% dan TMCR 75%. Pada setiap kondisi beban akan dilakukan pencampuran bahan bakar dengan rasio biomassa sebesar 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, dan 10%. Jenis biomassa yang digunakan adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Hasil penelitian dari variasi, semakin besar rasio co-firing mengalami peningkatan pada kebutuhan bahan bakar dan udara, NPHR, dan total daya pemakaian sendiri. Pada keadaan baseline, kebutuhan bahan bakar sebesar 66.05 kg/s. Ketika dilakukan co-firing kebutuhan bahan bakar menjadi 66.26 kg/s dengan nilai NPHR 2781.76 Kcal/kWh dan nilai efisiensi sistem 30.9%. Dengan pembebanan 75% performa pembangkit mengalami penurunan, menghasilkan nilai NPHR 2837.44 Kcal/kWh dan nilai efisiensi sistem 30.32%. Dari hasil simulasi menunjukan meningkatnya rasio co-firing berpengaruh terhadap pana penurunan nilai specific fuel consumption dan biaya pokok produksi listrik. Pada pembebanan 100% harga produksi pokok listrik 653.95 Rp/kWh dengan co-firing 10%. Pada pembebanan 75% terjadi peningkatan harga pokok produksi listrik 713.25 Rp/kWh dengan co-firing 10%. Peningkatan rasio co-firing berpengaruh terhadap performa boiler untuk mencapai kebutuhan nilai kaor konstan akibat penurunan nilai LHV dan harga listrik dipengaruhi oleh nilai kalor bahan bakar.
Kata kunci :
Biomassa, Co-firing, Daya Pemakaian Sendiri, Efisiensi, Software Cycle Tempo 5.0
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The increasing electricity demand by society has led to higher usage of fossil fuels,
especially coal, making it necessary to utilize biomass with co-firing methods. Co-firing involves
substituting coal with the addition of biomass materials in a certain ratio during the combustion
process in a 400 MW capacity Power Plant (PLTU). The increase in the co-firing ratio of coal with
biomass affects the power plant's performance.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of co-firing ratios on the
performance, self-consumption power, and economic energy savings in the PLTU. The
research is conducted using Cycle-Tempo 5.0 software to simulate the influence of varying fuel
ratios with oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass on the co-firing process in the 400 MW PLTU.
Simulations are performed at 100% and 75% loads, with different fuel and biomass mixtures:
1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%.
The hypothesis obtained through literature studies, ultimate data, and proximate analysis
of biomass suggests that due to its lower value compared to coal, there will be an increase in
air and coal requirements, resulting in a decline in the performance quality in terms of
efficiency and Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR).
The simulation results demonstrate that co-firing ratios influence parameters such as fuel
and air requirements, boiler efficiency, total self-consumption power, net plant heat rate, and
thermal efficiency of the generator. This research reveals that using mixed fuel requires greater
amounts of fuel and air compared to using 100% coal.
Under baseline conditions, the fuel requirement is 66.05 kg/s. However, with the addition
of oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass in co-firing ratios of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%, the fuel
requirements for each co-firing ratio are 66.068 kg/s, 66.11 kg/s, 66.154 kg/s, 66.195 kg/s, and
66.2585 kg/s, respectively. This also affects the mass flow rate of air and flue gas, requiring
adjustments to achieve consistent calorific value, as oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass has a
lower Lower Heating Value (LHV) of fuel. The boiler efficiency also decreases from 74.38% to
74.327%, 74.319%, 74.335%, 74.336%, and 74.3% due to its high volatile matter content
(82.58%), which makes it easily combustible but difficult to attain the desired temperature.
Furthermore, the simulation results show that increasing co-firing ratios result in a
decrease in thermal efficiency and an increase in NPHR. The lowest efficiency occurs at 100%
load, with an efficiency of 30.93% and NPHR of 2781.7 kCal/kWh. At 75% load, the thermal
efficiency is 31.11% with an NPHR of 2765.35 kCal/kWh. Moreover, increasing co-firing ratios
also leads to an increase in self-consumption power, especially in components such as
pulverizer, PA fan, SA fan, and ID fan. Self-consumption power increases with the rise of co-
firing ratios due to increased mass flow rate of fuel and combustion air.
Additionally, this research demonstrates that higher co-firing ratios lead to a decrease
in specific fuel consumption (SFC) value and the cost of electricity production. The higher the
calorific value of the fuel, the lower the SFC and electricity production cost. At 100% load, the
baseline electricity production cost is 665.5 Rp/KWh, while after 1% co-firing, the value
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decreases to 664.36 Rp/KWh. At 75% load, the baseline electricity production cost is 725.9
Rp/KWh, while after 1% co-firing, it reduces to 724.61 Rp/KWh. Co-firing 1% reduces the
electricity production cost by 0.52%, while at 75% load, co-firing 1% decreases the electricity
production cost by 0.177%. Therefore, using oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass as a mixed
fuel can help reduce the electricity production cost at 100% load.
Keywords: Auxiliary Power Consumption, Biomass, Co-firing, Efficiency, and Cycle Tempo 5.0 Software
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Auxiliary Power Consumption, Biomass, Co-firing, Efficiency, and Cycle Tempo 5.0 Software,Biomassa, Co-firing, Daya Pemakaian Sendiri, Efisiensi, Software Cycle Tempo 5.0 |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Galih Atsal Rahadian |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2023 04:06 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2023 04:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/101713 |
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