Ramadhani, Ledy Fitra (2023) Shelter Angkut untuk Evakuasi Darurat bagi Pengungsi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Semeru. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Erupsi Gunung Semeru yang menghasilkan abu vulkanik dan awan panas yang turun dengan cepat mengharuskan masyarakat segera mengungsi dan berlindung. Namun, terbatasnya kendaraan dan jarak tempuh yang terlalu jauh menjadikan tidak semua warga mampu mengungsi ke pengungsian sektoral. Sementara itu, tenda pengungsian BNPB tidak dapat dibangun real time saat terjadinya bencana, sehingga pengungsi harus bertahan pada fasilitas-fasilitas umum terdekat dari rumah mereka yang luasnya terbatas. Menumpuknya jumlah pengungsi membuat area pengungsian sementara ini tidak layak dihuni. Pengungsi juga harus segera berpindah ke lokasi pengungsian sektoral jika terjadi kenaikan level atau erupsi secara tiba-tiba. Karenanya, diperlukan shelter evakuasi darurat yang mudah dipindahkan mengikuti pergerakan pengungsi sebelum tiba di pengungsian sektoral.
Transportable Architecture digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut dengan menghasilkan konstruksi dan strategi operasi yang memberikan kemudahan mobilitas bagi struktur portabel. Force-based framework digunakan untuk menghasilkan rancangan, yakni dengan melakukan identifikasi terhadap context, culture, dan needs dengan metode brainstorming dan literature searching sehingga diketahui asset dan constraint pada rancangan. Studi literatur dan preseden dilakukan terhadap teori dan objek rancang Transportable Architecture, kemudian aspek-aspeknya dimasukkan dalam structure mapping sehingga menghasilkan kriteria khusus rancangan. Eksplorasi rancangan sebagai hasil tahap Propose Form menjawab kriteria khusus rancangan terkait aspek perakitan, pengemasan dan transportasi shelter. Eksperimen menggunakan model tiga dimensi juga digunakan untuk menghasilkan keputusan desain.
Hasil tesis ini adalah rancangan skematik Shelter Angkut untuk Evakuasi Darurat bagi Pengungsi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Semeru. Sebagai sarana evakuasi mandiri yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing keluarga, shelter angkut dapat dikemas, dipindahkan dengan sepeda motor, dan didirikan secara mandiri oleh masyarakat. Shelter angkut menggunakan struktur retractable dari aluminium, material selubung dari polyester, serta material kemasan dari HDPE. Selain menyediakan perlindungan dari bencana, shelter angkut juga mempertimbangkan kebutuhan luasan berdasarkan ergonomi, privasi, serta kualitas spasial untuk menciptakan tempat tinggal yang layak dan nyaman bagi pengungsi selama periode bencana.
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The eruption of Mount Semeru, which produced volcanic ash and hot clouds that descended quickly, required the people to evacuate and take shelter immediately. However, the limited number of vehicles and the long distance traveled meant that not all residents could evacuate to sectoral evacuation zone. Meanwhile, BNPB evacuation tents cannot be built in real-time when a disaster occurs, so refugees must stay in public facilities closest to their homes, which are limited in size. The accumulation of refugees makes this temporary shelter area uninhabitable. Refugees must also immediately move to sectoral evacuation sites if there is a sudden increase in level or eruption. Therefore, emergency evacuation shelters are needed that are easy to move following the movement of refugees before arriving at sectoral evacuation zone.
Transportable Architecture addresses these problems by producing construction and operating strategies that provide easy mobility for portable structures. A force-based framework is used to produce a design, namely by identifying context, culture, and needs using brainstorming and literature-searching methods so that the assets and constraints on the design are identified. Literature and precedent studies were conducted on Transportable Architecture theories and design objects. Then the aspects were included in the structure mapping to produce specific design criteria. Design exploration as a result of the Propose Form stage answers specific design criteria related to assembling, packaging, and transporting the shelter. Experiments using three-dimensional models are also used to produce design decisions.
The result of this thesis is a schematic design of Transportable Shelters for Emergency Evacuation of Mount Semeru Eruption Disaster Refugees. As a means of independent evacuation owned by each family, transport shelters can be packed, transported by motorbikes, and built independently by the refugees. The transportable shelter uses a retractable structure made of aluminum, a polyester sheath, and HDPE packing materials. In addition to providing protection from disasters, transport shelters also consider the needs of the area based on ergonomics, privacy, and spatial quality to create a decent and comfortable place to live for evacuees during the disaster period.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Eruption, Moving Refugee, Portable, Shelter, Erupsi, Pengungsi Berpindah, Portabel, Shelter |
Subjects: | N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA2750 Architectural design. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning > Architecture > 23101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Ledy Fitra Ramadhani |
Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2023 02:16 |
Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2023 02:16 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/101956 |
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