Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Dimensi Dan Siklus Pada Proses Closed Die Hot Forging Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Kekerasan Femoral Stem Stainless Steel 316l

Widyasto, Ignatius Ivan (2023) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Dimensi Dan Siklus Pada Proses Closed Die Hot Forging Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Kekerasan Femoral Stem Stainless Steel 316l. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) merupakan prosedur orthopedic untuk mengganti tulang femur yang rusak dengan implan berbahan logam. Saat ini, Indonesia masih mengimpor THA dari luar negeri termasuk femoral stem. Namun anatomi dan morfometri orang Indonesia yang memiliki ras Mongoloid berbeda dengan THA impor yang umumnya dibuat dengan anatomi dan morfometri ras Kaukasoid sehingga terkadang tidak sesuai dan menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan bagi pasien. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan THA yang dibuat sesuai dengan anatomi dan morfometri orang Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini desain “OrthoHits” yang dikembangkan oleh ITS akan dibuat dengan proses closed dies hot forging. Optimalisasi parameter closed dies hot forging akan dilakukan untuk memproduksi femoral stem yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat indonesia. Material yang digunakan pada pembuatan femoral stem adalah stainless steel AISI 316L. Stainless steel dengan bentuk rod dengan diameter awal 22 mm dan 25 mm akan di bentuk sesuai dengan desain awal preforging melalui proses bubut sebelum ditekuk menggunakan open dies preforging. Sebelum proses preforging dan hot forging, sampel akan dipanaskan pada suhu 1150°C, kemudian ditekan dengan beban 250 tonforce untuk membentuk femoral stem sesuai cetakan dies forging. Pengaruh diameter awal rod dan jumlah siklus forging akan diamati dengan pengujian metalografi dan kekerasan sehingga diperoleh data untuk menentukan parameter optimum pada rangkaian proses hot forging. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada spesimen stainless steel 316L didapatkan bahwa spesimen dengan diameter 25 dan 2 siklus forging telah memenuhi desain femoral stem yang diinginkan. Dari pengujian metalografi muncul butiran baru yang mengecil akibat proses dynamic recrystallization yang dipicu oleh deformasi plastis pada proses forging yang didapatkan pada semua kondisi. Dengan peningkatan jumlah grain boundary akibat butiran yang semakin mengecil tersebut akan menghambat terjadinya pergerakan dislokasi pada material dan menyebabkan naiknya nilai kekerasan dari femoral stem. Pada spesimen dengan dimensi 25 mm dan 2 siklus forging didapatkan rata-rata ukuran butir sebesar 43.09 μm dengan nilai kekerasan sebesar 375 HV dimana terjadi penurunan rata-rata ukuran butir sekaligus peningkatan nilai kekerasan dari 1 siklus forging yang memiliki rata-rata ukuran butir sebesar 90,78 μm dan nilai kekerasan sebesar 340 HV. Sedangkan pada spesimen dengan diameter 22 mm dan 2 siklus forging didapatkan rata-rata ukuran butir sebesar 80 μm dengan nilai kekerasan sebesar 330 HV dimana terjadi penurunan rata-rata ukuran butir sekaligus peningkatan nilai kekerasan dari 1 siklus forging yang memiliki rata-rata ukuran butir sebesar 110 μm dan nilai kekerasan sebesar 319 HV
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Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is an orthopedic procedure to replace damaged femur with metal implants. Currently, Indonesia still imports THA from abroad, including the femoral stem. However, the anatomy and morphometry of Indonesians who are of the Mongoloid race are different from imported THA, which are generally made with the anatomy and morphometry of the Caucasoid race, so that they are sometimes inappropriate and cause discomfort to patients. Therefore, a THA is needed that is made according to the anatomy and morphometry of the Indonesian people. In this study the “OrthoHits” design developed by ITS will be made using a closed die hot forging process. Optimization of closed die hot forging parameters will be carried out to produce femoral stems that can meet the needs of the Indonesian people. The material used in the manufacture of the femoral stem is AISI 316L stainless steel. Stainless steel rods with initial diameters of 22 mm and 25 mm will be shaped according to the initial preforging design through a lathe process before bending using an open dies preforging. Prior to the preforging and hot forging processes, the sample will be heated at 1150°C, then pressed with a 250 tonforce load to form the femoral stem according to the die forging mold. The effect, the initial diameter of the rod and the number of forging cycles will be observed by metallographic and hardness testing so that data is obtained to determine the optimum parameters in the hot forging process series. The results showed that in the 316L stainless steel specimens it was found that specimens with a diameter of 25 and 2 forging cycles fulfilled the desired femoral stem design. From the metallographic test, new grains appear that shrink due to the dynamic recrystallization process which is triggered by plastic deformation in the forging process which is obtained in all conditions. With an increase in the number of grain boundaries due to the smaller grains it will inhibit the movement of dislocations in the material and cause an increase in the hardness value of the femoral stem. In specimens with dimensions of 25 mm and 2 forging cycles, an average grain size of 43.09 μm was obtained with a hardness value of 375 HV where there was a decrease in the average grain size as well as an increase in the hardness value from 1 forging cycle which had an average grain size of 90 .78 μm and a hardness value of 340 HV. Whereas in specimens with a diameter of 22 mm and 2 forging cycles, an average grain size of 80 μm was obtained with a hardness value of 330 HV where there was a decrease in the average grain size as well as an increase in the hardness value from 1 forging cycle which had an average grain size of 110 μm and a hardness value of 319 HV

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Femoral stem, hot forging, AISI 316L, dynamic recrystallizati; Femoral stem, hot forging, AISI 316L, dynamic recrystallization
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS205 Metals--Heat treatment.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ignatius Ivan Widyasto
Date Deposited:	05 Oct 2023 08:06
Last Modified:	05 Oct 2023 08:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102561

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