Pradipta, Edgar (2023) Analisis Kegagalan Material Impeller Pompa Slurry Industri Tambang Tembaga Dan Emas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme kegagalan impeller slurry pump yang dioperasikan pada industri tambang tembaga dan emas ini untuk memindahkan slurry dari tangki ke pompa diagphram. Pompa ini memiliki jenis sentrifugal dengan closed impeller 4 vanes dengan target flow rate sekitar 560 galon/menit atau 2119,83 liter/menit, inlet dari pompa ini langsung tersambung secara horizontal dengan pipa dari tangki slurry. Pompa sentrifugal slurry direncakan mempunyai lifetime sekitar 750 jam operasi yang berfungsi untuk memindahkan slurry kosentrat dari tangki ke pompa diaphragm yang dimana slurry ini memiliki sifat basa dengan pH 11. Pada kondisi aktual, impeller pompa slurry ini hanya bertahan sekitar 204 jam operasi saja. Penyebab kasus ini diperkirakan adalah erosi yang diketahui dari pengamatan dan pengecekan visual terhadap impeller, penulis memiliki hipotesis penyebab kegagalan antara lain dapat dari operasional dimana pengoperasian yang over – load, dan perbedaan grade batuan slurry dimana dapat mempengaruhi densitas. Analisis kegagalan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap kondisi fluida slurry, dan analisis terhadap kondisi pada impeller yang mengalami kegagalan, metode yang dilakukan untuk spesimen impeller mencangkup pengecekan visual, pengamatan sample, pengujian OES, pengujian metalografi (ASTM E3), pengujian SEM & EDS, pengujian hardness rockwell (ASTM E18), pengujian polarisasi korosi, pengamatan reagen, pengujian pH Slurry, dan pengujian XRD untuk menunjang penelitian. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan laju erosi meningkat diantaranya yaitu specific gravity slurry solids yang meningkat akan mempengaruhi mass flow rate, bertambahnya mass flow rate akan meningkatkan laju erosi dari partikel abrasive solids slurry. Berpotensinya oksidasi material impeller hingga berada pada region transpassive terhadap kondisi lingkungan dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan laju erosi dan korosi meningkat akibat layer pasivasi tidak stabil dan terdegradasi. Terjadinya erosi yang terlihat pada area terluar dari bagian impeller diakibatkan oleh gaya centripetal dimana diameter mempengaruhi gaya centripetal. Diameter yang meningkat akan mempengaruhi gaya sentripetal dimana semakin jauh dari pusat lingkaran maka semakin besar kecepatan, erosi yang terjadi akibat interaksi antara partikel dengan impeller yang berarti terdapat impact. Impact selalu berhubungan dengan energi kinetic dan momentum yang dipengaruhi oleh kecepatan.
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This research was conducted to identify the failure mechanism of the slurry pump impeller operated in the copper and gold mining industri to transfer slurry from the tank to the diaphragm pump. This pump has a centrifugal type with a closed impeller of 4 vanes with a target flow rate of around 560 gallons/minute or 2119.83 liters/minute, the inlet of this pump is directly connected horizontally with the pipe from the slurry tank. The centrifugal slurry pump is planned to have a lifetime of around 750 hours of operation which functions to move the concentrated slurry from the tank to the diaphragm pump where this slurry has alkaline properties with a pH of 11. In actual conditions, this slurry pump impeller only lasts about 204 hours of operation. The cause of this case is thought to be erosion which is known from observation and visual inspection of the impeller, the authors have hypothesized that the cause of failure could be from operations where operations are over-loaded, and differences in grades of slurry rock which can affect density. This failure analysis is carried out by observing the condition of the slurry fluid, and analyzing the conditions on the impeller that has failed. The method used for impeller specimens includes visual checking, sample observation, OES testing, metallographic testing (ASTM E3), SEM & EDS testing, rockwell hardness testing (ASTM E18), corrosion polarization testing, reagent observation, Slurry pH testing, and XRD testing to support research. There are several factors that cause the erosion rate to increase, including the increased specific gravity of slurry solids which will affect the mass flow rate, the increased mass flow rate will increase the erosion rate of the abrasive solids slurry particles. The potential for oxidation of the impeller material to be in the transpassive region to environmental conditions can be one of the factors causing the erosion and corrosion rates to increase due to the unstable and degraded passivation layer. The occurrence of visible erosion in the outer area of the impeller is caused by the centripetal force where the diameter affects the centripetal force. The increased diameter will affect the centripetal force where the farther from the center of the circle, the greater the speed, the erosion that occurs due to the interaction between the particles and the impeller, which means there is an impact. Impact is always related to kinetic energy and momentum which is affected by speed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Slurry, Impeller, Kegagalan, Pompa Slurry, Lifetime, Erosi; Slurry, Impeller, Failure, Slurry Pump, Lifetime, Erosion |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA169.5 Failure analysis T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Edgar Ramadhan Pradipta |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Jan 2024 03:18 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Jan 2024 03:18 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102682 |
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