Produksi Biosurfaktan oleh Khamir Pendegradasi Minyak Mentah

Zakiyyah, Anisah (2023) Produksi Biosurfaktan oleh Khamir Pendegradasi Minyak Mentah. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pencemaran minyak mentah yang mengandung senyawa hidrokarbon maupun non hidrokarbon masih menjadi permasalahan lingkungan yang perlu untuk segera dicari alternatif solusi penanggulangannya. Biosurfaktan merupakan molekul dengan struktur amfifatik untuk meningkatkan bioavaibilitas suatu hidrokarbon, sehingga hidrokarbon tersebut mudah didegradasi oleh mikroorganisme. Penelitian terdahulu telah melaporkan bahwa isolat khamir W.7.3 dan TPSL terbukti dapat mengemulsi minyak mentah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi kerapatan kedua isolat tersebut terhadap produksi biosurfaktan (g/L) selama masa inkubasi dan pengaruh masa inkubasi dan jenis isolat terhadap karakter biosurfaktannya. Pengamatan dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 10, 20, dan 30 masa inkubasi. Karakter biosurfaktan terdiri dari uji emulsifikasi, tegangan permukaan, dan hidrofobisitas sel. Data dianalisis menggunakan Spearman Correlation Test dan Two Way Anova. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi secara signifikan antara kerapatan sel dan produktivitas biosurfaktan, namun fase pertumbuhan terbukti berpengaruh terhadap produksi biosurfaktan. Kerapatan sel isolat khamir W.7.3 pada hari ke-30 mencapai nilai tertinggi 6,41 x 109 CFU/mL dan memproduksi biosurfaktan tertinggi sebanyak 33,67 g/L. Sedangkan isolat khamir TPSL, kerapatan sel pada hari ke-30 mencapai 2,28 x 106 CFU/mL dan produksi biosurfaktannya hanya 16,69 g/L. Karakter biosurfaktan ada yang terpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap waktu inkubasi dan jenis isolat (tegangan permukaan, hidrofobisitas permukaan sel, dan produktivitas biosurfaktan) dan ada pula yang tidak terpengaruh (indeks emulsifikasi). Semakin lama masa inkubasi, maka semakin rendah tegangan permukaan dan hidrofobisitas permukaan sel, sedangkan untuk produktivitas biosurfaktan semakin meningkat. Walaupun tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan, namun indeks emulsifikasi meningkat selama masa inkubasi. Isolat khamir W.7.3 memiliki karakter biosurfaktan yang lebih baik dibandingkan isolat khamir TPSL. Nilai tegangan permukaan, hidrofobisitas permukaan sel, produksi biosurfaktan, dan indeks emulsifikasi untuk isolat khamir W.7.3 adalah 49,4 N/m, 14.75%, 33,67g/L, dan 6,87% pada minyak kelapa dan 12,42% pada minyak solar. Sedangkan untuk isolat khamir TPSL adalah 50.33 N/m, 41.32%, 16.69g/L, dan 4,11% pada minyak solar dan 5,99% pada minyak kelapa.
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Crude oil contamination contains both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds and remains an environmental problem that requires immediate attention and alternative solutions. Biosurfactants are molecules with an amphipathic structure that can enhance the bioavailability of hydrocarbons, making them more easily degradable by microorganisms. Previous studies have reported that yeast W.7.3 and TPSL isolates could emulsify crude oil. This study aims to determine the correlation between the density of the two isolates during the incubation period and biosurfactant production (g/L). Additionally, it seeks to examine the effect of the incubation period and isolate type on biosurfactant characteristics, including emulsification, surface tension, and cell hydrophobicity tests. Observations were made on days-0,10,20 and 30 of the incubation period. The data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Test and Two Way Anova. The results revealed no significant correlation between cell density and biosurfactant productivity. However, the growth phase was found to affect biosurfactant production significantly. Specifically, on day-30, the cell density of yeast isolates W.7.3 reached the highest value of 6,41x109 CFU/mL, resulting in the highest biosurfactant production of 33,67g/L. In contrast, yeast isolates of TPSL had a cell density of only 2,28x106 CFU/mL on day-30, and its biosurfactant production was 16,69g/L. Some biosurfactant characteristics were significantly affected by the incubation time and isolate type (surface tension, cell surface hydrophobicity, and biosurfactant productivity), while others were unaffected (emulsification index). Specifically, the surface tension and hydrophobicity of the cell surface decreased as the incubation period lengthened, whereas the biosurfactant productivity increased. Although the effect was insignificant, the emulsification index also increased during incubation. Moreover, yeast isolates W.7.3 exhibited better biosurfactant characteristics than TPSL yeast isolate. Specifically, for yeast isolate W.7.3, the surface tension, cell surface hydrophobicity, biosurfactant production, and emulsification index were 49,4N/m, 14,75%, 33,67g/L, and 6,87% for coconut oil and 12,42% for diesel oil. On the other hand, for yeast isolate TPSL, these values were 50,33N/m, 41,32%,16,69 g/L, and 5,99% for coconut oil and 4,11% for diesel oil.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biosurfaktan, emulsifikasi, hidrofobisitas sel, khamir, minyak mentah; Biosurfactant, cell hydrophobicity, crude oil, emulsification, yeast
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Anisah zakiyyah
Date Deposited:	04 Oct 2023 02:04
Last Modified:	04 Oct 2023 02:04
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/102807

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