Adindasurya, Muhammad Fatih (2023) Optimasi Kapasitas Sistem Fotovoltaik Luar Jaringan pada Pulau Terpencil Menggunakan Algoritma Electric System Cascade Analysis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sebagian besar masyarakat pulau-pulau kecil di Indonesia belum merasakan aliran listrik akibat kondisi geografis yang tidak memadai. Sistem fotovoltaik atau pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) luar jaringan (off-grid) menjadi alternatif terbaik melihat potensi dan keandalannya. Namun terdapat hambatan dalam menentukan kapasitas optimal dalam penggunaan sistem fotovoltaik. Electric System Cascade Analysis (ESCA), salah satu algoritma optimasi dalam menentukan kapasitas pembangkit optimal secara simpel dan sistematis. Sehingga penelitian berfokus untuk menentukan kapasitas dan desain sistem fotovoltaik melalui ESCA serta analisa kinerjanya. Tiga objektif tekno-ekonomis digunakan sebagai parameter kinerja sistem fotovoltaik. Sedangkan analisa proses dan hasil optimasi ESCA dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak HOMERs sebagai pembanding. Optimasi kapasitas sistem fotovoltaik dijalankan berdasarkan kondisi Pulau Ut, Kota Tual, Provinsi Maluku. Penggunaan Pulau Ut sebagai studi kasus untuk merepresentasikan pulau terpencil berpenduduk tanpa jaringan listrik di Indonesia. Melalui optimasi ESCA diperoleh sistem fotovoltaik dengan 273 panel fotovoltaik Trina Solar 550 Wp dan 237 baterai deepcyle VRLA MPower JXH200-12G. sistem fotovoltaik tersebut berhasil memenuhi kebutuhan beban daya, memiliki cadangan energi yang cukup, dan tarif energi Rp. 1.309,50 /kWh. Keberhasilan optimasi ESCA didukung dengan hasil selisih energi sistem yang lebih kecil dibandingkan hasil optimasi HOMERs. Hasil ESCA memiliki selisih energi 24.690 kW/tahun (15,31% beban) sedangkan hasil HOMERs 267.594 kW/tahun (155% beban).
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Most of the small island communities in Indonesia have not experienced electricity due to inadequate geographic conditions. Off-grid photovoltaic systems or solar power systems become the best alternative considering their potential and reliability. However, there are obstacles in determining the optimal capacity for the use of photovoltaic systems. Electric System Cascade Analysis (ESCA), one of the optimization algorithms, is used to determine the optimal generation capacity in a simple and systematic ways. Therefore, this research focuses on determining the capacity and design of photovoltaic systems through ESCA and analyzing its performance. Tri-objectives techno-economic are used as performance parameters for the photovoltaic system. Meanwhile, the analysis of the ESCA optimization process and results is compared using HOMERs software. The optimization of the photovoltaic system capacity is conducted based on the conditions of Pulau Ut, Tual City, Maluku Province. The use of Pulau Ut as a case study represents remote islands in Indonesia without electricity networks. Through ESCA optimization, a photovoltaic system with 273 Trina Solar 550 Wp photovoltaic panels and 237 VRLA MPower JXH200-12G deep-cycle batteries is obtained. This photovoltaic system successfully fulfil the load requirements, has sufficient energy reserves, and has an energy rates of Rp 1,309.50 /kWh. The success of ESCA optimization is supported by the smaller energy difference in the system compared to the optimization results of HOMERs. The ESCA results show an energy difference of 24,690 kW/year (15.31% load) while the HOMERs results show 267,594 kW/year (155% load).
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