Karakteristik Mikroplastik Pada Ikan Taeniamia Macroptera di Sekitar Fish Apartment di Pasir Putih, Situbondo

Fajrinia, Naurah Rizki (2023) Karakteristik Mikroplastik Pada Ikan Taeniamia Macroptera di Sekitar Fish Apartment di Pasir Putih, Situbondo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dalam upaya pemulihan sumberdaya ikan, pada tahun 2008 di Perairan Pantai Pasir Putih, Kabupaten Situbondo dilakukan peletakan koloni rumah ikan (fish apartment /FA) yang menjadi salah satu upaya perbaikan habitat untuk pemulihan keragaman dan kelimpahan jenis sumberdaya ikan. Bahan yang digunakan untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi FA yaitu plastik polypropylene (PP) dan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Namun plastik PP dan HDPE juga dapat mengalami fragmentasi yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan pencemaran mikroplastik di badan air laut. Peningkatan jumlah mikroplastik di badan air laut dapat menjadi ancaman bagi lingkungan dan organisme laut, diantaranya ikan. Salah satu ikan yang ditemukan disekitar FA dan terumbu karang alami (TKA) di Perairan Pasir Putih Situbondo adalah Taeniamia macroptera yang tergolong ikan non-migratory. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik fisik (ukuran, warna, dan bentuk) dan kimia (tipe polimer) mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada air, insang dan saluran gastrointestinal pada ikan T. macroptera di FA dan TKA di Pasir Putih, Situbondo, Jawa Timur. Analisis karakteristik fisik (bentuk, warna, dan ukuran) dilakukan secara visual menggunakan mikroskop dan OptiLab sedangkan karakteristik kimia (tipe polimer) dianalisis dengan ATR-FTIR. Total kelimpahan mikroplastik pada 4 titik sampel air ditemukan sebanyak 172 partikel/L dengan rata-rata kelimpahan 44 partikel/L. Rentang ukuran yang mendominasi pada sampel air adalah rentang ukuran 0 - 20 µm pada sampel FA II dan TKA I, dan rentang ukuran 20 - 40 µm pada sampel FA I dan TKA II. Warna mikroplastik yang dominan pada empat sampel adalah warna hitam dengan bentuk fragmen, dan memiliki tipe polimer polypropylene (PP). Pada sampel ikan T. macroptera yang berada di FA ditemukan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada organ insang sebanyak 8340 partikel/gram BB, pada saluran gastrointestinal sebanyak 14250 partikel/gram BB, sedangkan pada terumbu karang alami ditemukan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada organ insang sebanyak 6480 partikel/gram BB, pada saluran gastrointestinal sebanyak 11990 partikel/gram BB. Berdasarkan uji perbandingan pada organ insang pada lokasi yang berbeda dengan uji t-test didapatkan nilai sig. 0.292 (p>0.05), pada saluran gastrointestinal pada lokasi yang berbeda dengan uji mann-whitney U-test didapatkan nilai sig. 0.226 (p>0.05), yang sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa kedua data tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Baik pada lokasi FA dan TKA, rentang ukuran yang mendominasi pada sampel insang dan saluran gastrointestinal adalah rentang ukuran 0 - 20 µm, warna mikroplastik yang dominan adalah warna hitam dengan bentuk fragmen, dan memiliki tipe polimer polypropylene (PP).
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In an effort to increase fish resources, in 2008, in Pasir Putih, Situbondo, hundreds of fish houses were laid which became one of the efforts to habitat improvement and increase the diversity and abundance of fish resources. The material used for Fish Apartment is polypropylene (PP) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic. However, PP and HDPE plastic can also experience degradation which can lead to an increase in microplastic pollution in seawater bodies. With an increase in the amount of microplastics in seawater, this can be a threat to the environment and marine organisms, including fish. One of the fish found in the Pasir Putih of Situbondo is Taeniamia macroptera, which is a group of reef-associated tropical seawater fish and are classified as non-migratory fish. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the characteristics of microplastics found in gills and the gastrointestinal tract of Taeniamia macroptera in fish apartment and natural coral reefs in Pasir Putih, Situbondo, East Java. Analysis of physical characteristics (shape, color, and size) was carried out visually using stereo microscope and OptiLab. Chemical characteristics (polymer type) analyzed using ATR-FTIR. Differences in the abundance of microplastics in each organ of the two habitats (FA and natural coral reefs) analyzed statistically using SPSS for windows. The total abundance of microplastics at 4 water sample points was found to be 172 particles/L with an average abundance of 44 particles/L. The size of the microplastic class in the water sample was dominated in the range of 0 - 20 µm in samples FA II and TKA I, and in the range of 20 - 40 µm in samples FA I dan TKA II. The dominant microplastic color in the four samples was black with a fragments shape, and the polymer found was Polypropylene (PP). In samples of T. macroptera fish in fish apartments habitat, a higher abundance of microplastics was found, where in the gill organs as much as 8340 particles/gram wet weight and in the gastrointestinal tract as many as 14250 particles/gram, while in natural coral reefs, the abundance of microplastics in the gill organs was found as much as 6480 particles/gram and in the gastrointestinal tract as much as 11990 particles/gram. Based on the results of the t-test by comparing the number of microplastics on the gill organs at different locations with the t-test, the sig. 0.292 (p>0.05) was obtained, in the gastrointestinal tract at different locations using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the sig. 0.226 (p>0.05) was obtained, which means that the two data do not have a significant difference. At both FA and TKA locations, the size range that dominated the gill and gastrointestinal tract samples was the size range of 0 - 20 µm. The predominant color of microplastic in the gill organs and gastrointestinal tract at FA and TKA locations is black in the form of fragments shape, and the polymer found was Polypropylene (PP).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Coral Reefs, Fish Apartment, Microplastic, Taeniamia macroptera, Water, Air, Fish Apartment, Ikan Taeniamia macroptera, Mikroplastik, Terumbu Karang Alami
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH75 Nature conservation. Landscape protection. Biodiversity conservation. Endangered species and ecosystems (General). Habitat conservation. Ecosystem management. Conservation biology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Naurah Rizki Fajrinia
Date Deposited:	06 Dec 2023 04:57
Last Modified:	06 Dec 2023 04:57
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104078

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