NL-COCOMO: Constructive Cost Model Berbasis Bahasa Natural

Sholiq, Sholiq (2023) NL-COCOMO: Constructive Cost Model Berbasis Bahasa Natural. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Estimasi biaya dengan COCOMO II model post-Architecture memerlukan masukan utama: software size, lima scale factor, dan tujuh belas effort multiplier. Untuk menentukan software size adalah hal yang menantang yang mana size diukur menggunakan Source Lines of Code (SLOC). Pada fase awal proyek, SLOC belum didapatkan, sehingga COCOMO II orisinal menggunakan pendekatan Unadjusted Function Points (UFP). Mengukur size dengan UFP (satuan UFP) memerlukan Functionality Software Requirement (FSR) dari Software Requirement Specification (SRS) sehingga disebut Functionality Size Measure (FSM). Selain FSM, kompleksitas fungsionalitas atau disebut Functional Complexity Requirement (FCR) juga mempengaruhi upaya yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan proyek perangkat lunak. Di sisi lain, FSR banyak diekspresikan dalam bentuk bahasa natural (tekstual). Oleh sebab itu, permasalahan muncul adalah bagaimana mengukur FSM dan FCM dari FSR yang ditulis dalam bahasa natural. Tantangan lainnya adalah bagaimana mengonstruksi NL-COCOMO yang dikembangkan dari COCOMO orisinal dengan masukan FSR dalam bahasa natural. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan: Konversi FSM-SLOC, formulasi FSM dan FCM, dan konstruksi NL-COCOMO. Masukan berupa FSR dalam bahasa natural diproses menggunakan Natural Language Processing (NLP) yang terdiri dari pre-processing, analisis sintak, dan analisis semantik. Setelah itu, proses ekstraksi fact types dilakukan dan hasilnya dipetakan ke elemen-elemen Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) untuk dibangkitkan Diagram BPMN. Dari Diagram BPMN, nilai FSM dan FCM didapatkan, dan hubungan antara size baru (size*) dalam sebuah fungsi size*=f(FSM,FCM) dirumuskan. Akhirnya, NL-COCOMO dikonstruksi dari COCOMO orisinal dengan memodifikasi size* yang didapatkan dari model baru di penelitian ini. Hasil yang sudah dicapai yaitu: (1) didapatkannya standar konversi dari FSM ke SLOC dalam bahasa pemrograman Java, (2) didapatkannya metode baru untuk pembangkitan Diagram BPMN berbasis bahasa natural, (3) didapatkannya hubungan antara size sebagai variabel terikat vs FSM dan FCM sebagai variabel bebas dalam sebuah fungsi size*=f(FSM,FCM), dan (4) didapatkannya NL-COCOMO yang dikonstruksi dari COCOMO II orisinal. Sedangkan manfaat NL-COCOMO adalah: (1) memudahkan estimator untuk mengestimasi effort dan biaya proyek menggunakan masukan FSR tekstual, (2) menyederhanakan proses estimasi dibandingkan menggunakan COCOMO orisinal, (3) mendapatkan hasil estimasi yang lebih akurat, dan (4) menghindari subyektivitas estimator untuk atribut kompleksitas produk.
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Cost estimation with the COCOMO II post-Architecture model requires the main inputs: software size, five scale factors, and seventeen effort multipliers. Determining software size is challenging because size is measured using Source Lines of Code (SLOC). SLOC was not obtained in the project's initial phase, so the original COCOMO II used the Unadjusted Function Points (UFP) approach. Measuring size with UFP (UFP units) requires Functionality Software Requirement (FSR) of Software Requirement Specification (SRS), so it is called Functionality Size Measure (FSM). In addition to FSM, functionality's complexity, or Functional Complexity Requirements (FCR), also affects the effort required to complete a software project. On the other hand, FSR is mostly expressed in the form of natural language (textual). Therefore, the problem is measuring the FSR's FSM and FCM written in natural language. Another challenge is constructing the NL-COCOMO, which is developed from the original COCOMO with FSR input in natural language. This study is divided into three stages: FSM-SLOC conversion, FSM and FCM formulation, and NL-COCOMO construction. Input in the form of FSR in natural language is processed using Natural Language Processing (NLP) which consists of pre-processing, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis. After that, the fact type extraction process is carried out, and the results are mapped to the elements of the Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) to generate a BPMN diagram. The FSM and FCM values are obtained from the BPMN diagram and the relationship between a function's new size (size*). size*=f(FSM,FCM) is formulated. Finally, NL-COCOMO was constructed from the original COCOMO by modifying the size* obtained from the new model in this study. The results that have been achieved are, obtaining: (1) the standard conversion from FSM to SLOC in the Java programming language, (2) the new method for BPMN Diagram generation based on natural language, (3) the relationship between size as a dependent variable vs FSM and FCM as an independent variable in a function. size*=f(FSM,FCM), and (4) the NL-COCOMO constructed from the original COCOMO II. While the benefits of NL-COCOMO are: (1) making it easier for estimators to estimate project effort and cost using textual FSR input, (2) simplifying the estimation process compared to using the original COCOMO, (3) obtaining more accurate estimation results, and (4) avoid the subjectivity of estimators to attribute product complexity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Software Cost, COCOMO, Functional Size, Functional Complexity, Natural Language, BPMN, Bahasa Natural; Software Cost, COCOMO, Functional Size, Functional Complexity, Natural Language, BPMN
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.6 Management information systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Informatics Engineering > 55001-(S3) PhD Thesis (Comp Science)
Depositing User:	Sholiq Sholiq
Date Deposited:	10 Oct 2023 02:58
Last Modified:	10 Oct 2023 02:58
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104118

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