Majidah, Lailiyah (2023) Pembuatan Tepung Porang Termodifikasi Dari Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) Sebagai Inovasi Substitusi Tepung Terigu. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati terbesar kedua di dunia. Disisi lain Indonesia belum memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya sehingga mengakibatkan masih tingginya angka import bahan pangan salah satunya gandum sebagai tepung terigu. Saat ini berbagai komoditi mulai dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif untuk mengatasi ketergantungan impor bahan pangan salah satunya yaitu umbi porang. Kandungan utama dari umbi porang adalah glukomanan yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah serta kadar gula darah, menurunkan berat badan, dan mempengaruhi aktivitas usus dan fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh. Di sisi lain umbi porang terdapat kandungan oksalat yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Berbagai upaya dalam menurunkan kadar oksalat salah satunya yaitu dengan perendaman dengan NaCl dan proses pemanasan. Hal tersebut diduga mampu menurunkan kadar oksalat secara signifikan. Hasil uji proksimat porang murni yang menjadi syarat pengganti terigu adalah protein dengan nilai yang masih rendah. Oleh karena itu untuk meningkatkan kadar protein yaitu dengan cara fermentasi menggunakan bakteri asam laktat (Lactobacillus plantarum). Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan berbagai variasi suhu pretreatment (500C, 600C, 700C, dan 800C), waktu (50, 60, 70, dan 80 menit) dan konsentrasi NaCl (5%, 7.5%, 10, dan 12.5%.) guna mengetahui kondisi terbaik pada proses pretreatment pada suhu 80°C dengan waktu 70 menit dan NaCl 12,5%. Setelah perlakuan pretreatment masuk ke dalam tahap fermentasi dan optimasi menggunakan Respon Surface Metodhology (RSM), diperoleh kandungan protein optimal dengan perlakuan waktu 13 jam dan konsentrasi bakteri 0,06%. Kadar protein yang diperoleh pada kondisi terbaik yaitu 10,71%. Hasil terbaik tersebut memenuhi standar spesifikasi yang telah ditentukan sehingga sampel berpotensi untuk menjadi bahan pangan alternatif dalam pengganti terigu yang bebas gluten serta tinggi glukomanan.
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Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has the second largest biodiversity in the world. On the other hand, Indonesia has not met its food needs, resulting in high imports of food, one of which is wheat as wheat flour. Currently various commodities are starting to be developed as alternative food ingredients to overcome dependence on imported food ingredients, one of which is porang tubers. The main content of porang tubers is glucomannan which can lower blood cholesterol levels and blood sugar levels, reduce weight, and affect intestinal activity and immune system function. On the other hand, porang tubers contain oxalates which are harmful to the body. One of the efforts to reduce oxalate levels is by soaking in NaCl and heating. This is thought to be able to significantly reduce oxalate levels. The results of the pure porang proximate test which are a requirement for flour substitutes are protein with a low value. Therefore to increase protein levels, namely by means of fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum). In this study, various variations of pretreatment temperature (500C, 600C, 700C, and 800C), time (50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes) and NaCl concentration (5%, 7.5%, 10, and 12.5%) were carried out. determine the best conditions in the pretreatment process at 80°C with 70 minutes and 12.5% NaCl. After the pretreatment treatment entered the fermentation and optimization stage using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the optimal protein content was obtained with a treatment time of 13 hours and a bacterial concentration of 0.06%. The protein content obtained in the best conditions was 10.71%. The best results meet predetermined specification standards so that the sample has the potential to be an alternative food ingredient in a gluten-free and high-glucomannan flour substitute.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Fermentasi, Glukomanan, Pretreatment, Protein, Fermentation, Glucomannan, Pretreatment, Protein |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Lailiyah Majidah |
Date Deposited: | 08 Aug 2023 12:26 |
Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2023 12:26 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104133 |
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