Desain Mekanisme Pengaturan Tekanan Transmembran dalam Proses Ultrafiltrasi pada Mesin Hemodialisis

Pamungkas, Muhammad Ihsan (2023) Desain Mekanisme Pengaturan Tekanan Transmembran dalam Proses Ultrafiltrasi pada Mesin Hemodialisis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Menurut Laporan Registry Ginjal Indonesia, ketersediaan mesin hemodialisis dibandingkan dengan jumlah pasien aktif hanya sekitar satu banding delapan. Kekurangan mesin ini dapat menyebabkan pasien berhenti melakukan hemodialisis, dan sekitar 70% pasien yang berhenti ini meninggal. Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) Stadium 5 menjadi penyebab utama pasien memerlukan hemodialisis, dan ini mempengaruhi sekitar 10% populasi dunia. Parameter�parameter pada mesin hemodialisis yang perlu dipantau oleh perawat antara lain: konduktivitas cairan konsentrat, tekanan transmembran (TMP), pH dialisat, dan suhu. Selama proses ultrafiltrasi, aliran dan tekanan sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pengeluaran kelebihan air dari darah. Penelitian sebelumnya telah dilakukan untuk mengendalikan laju aliran dialisat menggunakan mekanisme dual chamber, namun perlu ditambahkan sistem kontrol tekanan pada membran untuk stabilisasi proses ultrafiltrasi hemodialisis (HDF). Actuator yang dipakai yaitu solenoid valve, tidak dapat mengatur resistansi untuk mengendalikan tekanan dialisat. Tekanan dalam membran dapat meningkat secara parabolik akibat penyumbatan pada pori�pori filter atau peningkatan kadar CaCO3 dalam saluran. Peningkatan tekanan pada transmembrane akan mempengaruhi efektivitas proses ultrafiltrasi. Oleh karena itu, dengan adanya penelitian terkait desain mekanisme pengaturan tekanan transmembran sangat penting pada proses ultrafiltrasi di mesin hemodialisa, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengontrol tekanan transmembran pada proses ultrafiltrasi. Sistem kontrol yang digunakan adalah PID Controller untuk menstabilkan laju aliran dan tekanan. Nilai error dari sensor tekanan dan laju aliran adalah sebesar 2.08% dan 0.02% sehingga dengan error yang relatif kecil ini bisa digunakan untuk sistem kontrol. Sistem kontrol laju aliran dan tekanan didapatkan error sebesar 0.35% dan 2.37%% saat kondisi steady state. Sedangkan untuk keseluruhan sistem tingkat keberhasilan sistem kontrol mencapai 97.62%
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According to the Indonesian Kidney Registry Report, the availability of hemodialysis machines compared to the number of active patients is approximately one to eight. The shortage of these machines can lead to patients discontinuing hemodialysis, and around 70% of those who stop this treatment may die. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 5 is the main reason why patients require hemodialysis, affecting about 10% of the world`s population. Parameters on the hemodialysis machine that need to be monitored by nurses include fluid concentrate conductivity, transmembrane pressure (TMP), dialysate pH, and temperature. During the ultrafiltration process, flow rate and pressure significantly influence the removal of excess water from the blood. Previous research has been conducted to control the dialysate flow rate using a dual-chamber mechanism, but there is a need to add a pressure control system on the membrane to stabilize the hemodialysis ultrafiltration (HDF) process. The actuator used is a solenoid valve, which cannot adjust resistance to control dialysate pressure. Pressure within the membrane can increase parabolically due to clogging of the filter pores or an increase in CaCO3 levels in the channel. Increased pressure on the transmembrane will affect the effectiveness of the ultrafiltration process. Therefore, with previous research related to the design of a transmembrane pressure control mechanism, it is crucial for the ultrafiltration process in hemodialysis machines. This study aims to control the transmembrane pressure during ultrafiltration. The control system used is a PID Controller to stabilize the flow rate and pressure. The error values from the pressure and flow rate sensors are 2.08% and 0.02%, respectively, which are relatively small errors and can be used for the control system. The control system for flow rate and pressure has an error of 0.35% and 2.37%, respectively, under steady-state conditions. The overall success rate of the control system reaches 97.62%

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hemodialisis, Tekanan Transmembran (TMP), Mekanisme Aktuator, Sistem Kontrol; Hemodialysis, Transmembrane Pressure (TMP), Actuator Mechanism, Control System
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC901.7.H45 Hemodialysis.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Biomedical Engineering > 11410-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Ihsan Pamungkas
Date Deposited:	18 Aug 2023 03:22
Last Modified:	18 Aug 2023 03:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104180

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