Febrianto, Muhammad Rifqi (2023) Serial Evaporator Berpemanas Untuk Ekstraksi Garam Anorganik Pada Bittern. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Text
10511910000009-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 September 2025. Download (3MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Industri pengolahan garam akan menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa bittern dengan jumlah yang sangat melimpah. Bittern merupakan cairan pekat yang dihasilkan sebab tidak meratanya pengkristalan mineral pada saat proses pembuatan garam sehingga meskipun tidak dapat dimanfaatkan kembali, bittern tetap mengandung berbagai mineral yang sangat tinggi seperti garam kalium (KCl), garam magnesium (MgCl2) dan garam natrium (NaCl). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya alat kristalisasi evaporasi agar bittern dapat diolah kembali untuk mendapatkan garam-garam anorganik seperti MgSO4, NaCl, MgCl2, dan KCl. Kendala pada penelitian serial evaporator sebelumnya karena temperatur dari steam yang dihasilkan panci tidak bisa bekerja secara maksimal, sehingga menghambat proses evaporasi untuk proses. Dalam tugas akhir ini, akan dilakukan rekondisi dari serial evaporator yang telah ada melalui penggantian media pemanas menggunakan filamen induksi sebagai sarana untuk penguapan air sehingga diharapkan proses ekstraksi garam anorganik bisa lebih cepat dan sesuai dengan jenis garam anorganiknya. Dalam tugas akhir ini, plant akan dirancang dengan menggunakan tiga pressure tank yang disusun secara 2 seri dengan filamen pemanas induksi dan rangkaian elektrik pada masing-masing pressure tank. Ketiga pressure tank memiliki set point yang berbeda, yaitu pressure tank 1 dengan set point 45 oC, pressure tank 2 dengan set point 80 oC, dan pressure tank 3 dengan set point 100 oC. Adapun perancangan sistem kontrol temperature menggunakan sistem control closed loop bermode control on/off dengan komponen termokopel tipe-k sebagai sensor, solenoid valve sebagai penggerak, arduino mega 2560 sebagai kontroler, panci presto dan heater elektrik sebagai evaporator (plant) yang akan dikendalikan untuk mencapai set point dan menghasilkan produk garam anorganik. Untuk uji kinerja sensor dari alat ini dapat membaca kenaikan dan penurunan temperature dengan nilai error 2% sehingga pengukuran tersebut dapat dikatakan valid. Ketika temperatur evaporator belum mencapai setpoint maka relay dalam kondisi off dan tegangan yang terukur adalah 0 VAC, setelah evaporator mencapai temperatur setpoint maka relay berada pada kondisi “on” dan tegangan yang terukur adalah 235 VAC. Selain itu, ndikator heater elektrik akan berada pada kondisi “on” ketika berada pada daya 1000 watt dan respon akutuator bernilai “1”. Pada saat heater elektrik dalam kondisi “on”, maka temperatur akan perlahan meningkat hingga mencapai set point yang diinginkan.
=====================================================================================================================================
The salt processing industry will produce by-products in the form of bittern in very abundant quantities. Bittern is a concentrated liquid produced due to uneven mineral crystallization during the salt making process so that even though it cannot be reused, bittern still contains a variety of very high minerals such as potassium salt (KCl), magnesium salt (MgCl2) and sodium salt (NaCl). Therefore, an evaporation crystallizer is needed so that bittern can be reprocessed to obtain inorganic salts such as MgSO4, NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl. The obstacle in the previous serial evaporator research was because the temperature of the steam produced by the pan could not work optimally, thus hampering the evaporation process for the process. In this final project, the reconditioning of the existing serial evaporator will be carried out by replacing the heating medium using an induction filament as a means of evaporating water so that it is hoped that the inorganic salt extraction process can be faster and in accordance with the type of inorganic salt. In this final project, the plant will be designed using three pressure tanks arranged in series with induction heating filaments and electrical circuits in each pressure tank. The three pressure tanks have different set points, namely pressure tank 1 with a set point of 45 oC, pressure tank 2 with a set point of 80 oC, and pressure tank 3 with a set point of 100 oC. The design of the temperature control system uses a closed loop control system with on/off control mode with k-type thermocouple components as sensors, solenoid valves as drivers, arduino mega 2560 as controllers, pressure cookers and electric heaters as evaporators (plants) that will be controlled to reach set points and produce inorganic salt products. For the sensor performance test of this tool can read the increase and decrease in temperature with an error value of 2% so that the measurement can be said to be valid. When the evaporator temperature has not reached the setpoint, the relay is in the off condition and the measured voltage is 0 VAC, after the evaporator reaches the setpoint temperature, the relay is in the "on" condition and the measured voltage is 235 VAC. In addition, the electric heater indicator will be in the "on" condition when it is at 1000 watts of power and the acuator response is "1". When the electric heater is in the "on" condition, the temperature will slowly increase until it reaches the desired set point.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
---|---|
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bittern, Ekstraksi, Garam Anorganik, Filamen Induksi, Evaporator; Bittern, Induction Filament, Inorganic Salt, Evaporator, Extraction. |
Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA593.35 Instruments, cameras, etc. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering |
Depositing User: | Muhammad Rifqi Febrianto |
Date Deposited: | 23 Aug 2023 02:01 |
Last Modified: | 23 Aug 2023 02:01 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104501 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |