Studi Eksperimen Karakteristik Pembakaran Pada Mesin Diesel Sistem Dual Fuel Dengan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel Dan Gas Hidrogen

Anwar, Khoirul (2023) Studi Eksperimen Karakteristik Pembakaran Pada Mesin Diesel Sistem Dual Fuel Dengan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel Dan Gas Hidrogen. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Bahan bakar fosil erat kaitannya dengan kehidupan manusia dalam menjalankan segala aktivitasnya. Namun akibat bahan akar fosil tidak dapat diperbaharui mengakibatkan kelangkaan. Salah satu bahan bakar alternative pengganti bahan bakar fosil unutk mesin diesel seperti biodiesel Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan gas hydrogen. Penggunaan biodiesel CPO dikenal memiliki keuntungan rendah emisi gas buang, kandungan oksigen dan tinggi angka cetane, namun disisi lain mempunyai properties viskositas yang tinggi, serta nilai kalor yang rendah dan akan mempengaruhi pada kinerja mesin diesel. Sedangkan gas hydrogen memiliki nilai kalor tinggi dan mudah terbakar, serta rendah emisi gas buang yang bisa memperbaiki kekurangan dari biodiesel CPO.
Penelitian ini merupakan terobosan pada mesin diesel dual fuel (DDF) dengan bahan bakar biodiesel CPO sebagai pilot dan gas hydrogen sebagai bahan bakar utama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik pembakaran, performa dan emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel satu silinder, dengan kecepatan konstan dan beban variasi beban 1000-4000 watt dengan interval 500watt. Langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah memvariasi aliran hydrogen sebesar 2,5 ; 5; 7,5 ; dan 10 lpm dengan bahan bakar biodiesel B100.
Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa penambahan hydrogen secara umum berdampak posotif pada performa, karakteristik pembakaran dan emisi pada mesin dual fuel. Perbaikan tersebut antara lain, Ignition delay dual fuel pada beban rendah hidrogen 10 lpm naik 20% dan knocking mengalami penurunan 10% pada beban tinggi. Daya efektif mesin optimum pada beban menengah dengan aliran hidrogen 2,5 lpm sebesar 2,78 kW. Torsi poros mesin maksimum pada beban 3000 watt sebesar 14.64 Nm dengan bahan bakar dual fuel hidrogen 10 lpm. AFR bahan bakar dual fuel pada beban rendah lebih tinggi dibanding single fuel sebesar 62%. Pada beban menengah dan tinggi perbedaannya mengecil sebesar 46.6% dan 44%.
Penambahan hydrogen berdampak positif pula pada emisi gas buang (CO, HC dan smoke) dibandingkan dengan sistem dual fuel, namun berdampak negatif pada emisi NO. Pada beban tinggi dan variasi aliran hydrogen 10 lpm didapatkan emisi terendah sebesar 0,01%, 22ppm, 46.7%. sedangkan untuk kenaikan emisi NO sebesar 93% dibandingkan single fuel.
Kata kunci: diesel dual fuel, biodiesel CPO, gas hydrogen, karakteristik pembakaran, emisi gas buang.

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Fossil fuels are closely related to human life, as they are essential for carrying out all activities. However, due to their non-renewable nature, fossil fuels lead to scarcity. To address this issue, biodiesel Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and hydrogen gas are considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The use of CPO biodiesel is known to offer advantages such as low exhaust emissions, high oxygen content, and a high cetane number. On the other hand, it exhibits high viscosity properties and a low heating value, which can affect the performance of diesel engines. In contrast, hydrogen gas boasts a high calorific value, flammability, and low exhaust emissions, making it a potential solution to correct the shortcomings of CPO biodiesel.
This research represents a breakthrough in the field of dual fuel diesel engines (DDF), utilizing CPO biodiesel as the pilot fuel and hydrogen gas as the main fuel. The study aims to investigate the impact on combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant speed and varying loads between 1000-4000 watts with 500-watt intervals. The initial phase involves varying the hydrogen flow rates at 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 lpm with B100 biodiesel fuel.
From this study, it was found that the addition of hydrogen generally has a positive impact on performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions in dual-fuel engines. These improvements include the dual-fuel ignition delay at a low hydrogen load of 10 lpm, which increased by 20%, and knocking decreased by 10% at high load. The optimum effective engine power at medium load with a 2.5 lpm hydrogen flow is 2.78 kW. Additionally, the maximum torque of the engine shaft at a load of 3000 watts is 14.64 Nm with 10 lpm of dual-fuel hydrogen. The air-fuel ratio (AFR) of dual fuel at low loads is higher than single fuel by 62%. However, at medium and high loads, the difference decreases to 46.6% and 44%, respectively.
The addition of hydrogen also yields a positive impact on exhaust emissions (CO, HC, and smoke) compared to a dual fuel system but shows a negative impact on NO emissions. At high loads and variations in the hydrogen flow of 10 lpm, the lowest emissions recorded were 0.01% for CO, 22ppm for HC, and 46.7% for smoke. However, there was a significant increase in NO emissions by 93% compared to single fuel.

Keywords: dual fuel diesel, CPO biodiesel, hydrogen gas, combustion characteristics, exhaust emissions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	diesel dual fuel, biodiesel CPO, gas hydrogen, karakteristik pembakaran, emisi gas buang. dual fuel diesel, CPO biodiesel, hydrogen gas, combustion characteristics, exhaust emissions.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ799 Diesel motor--Electronic control.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Khoirul Anwar
Date Deposited:	11 Aug 2023 07:26
Last Modified:	11 Aug 2023 07:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/104569

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