Iswantoro, Adhi (2023) Perancangan dan Pengembangan Alat Penukar Panas untuk Aplikasi Ballast Water Treatment pada Kapal dengan Memanfaatkan Panas dari Main Engine Propulsion. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Isu lingkungan menjadi isu yang menjadi prioritas di berbagai negara. Di dunia perkapalan dan maritim, isu lingkungan yang saat ini menjadi konsentrasi adalah tentang air ballast. Dimana suatu kapal sangat memungkinkan mengambil air laut dari suatu tempat kemudian dibuang di tempat lain. Dan menurut penelitian terdahulu pembuangan air ballast oleh kapal memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan laut di sekitar daerah yang dibuangi. Hal ini karena air laut tersebut sangat mungkin mengandung mikroorganisme yang bersifat invasif. Oleh sebab itu pembuangan air ballast dan sedimen oleh kapal diatur secara global di bawah IMO (International Maritime Organization) melalui konvensi Ballast Water Management Convention dan International Convention for The Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments. Ballast water treatment atau pengolahan air ballast pada kapal memiliki fungsi sebagai membunuh mikroorganisme pada air ballast sebelum dibuang. Salah satu metode ballast water treatment adalah dengan metode termal dengan cara memanaskan air ballast agar mikroorganisme mati. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan heat exchngaer tipe shell and tube dan plate gasket heat exchanger berbasis simulasi computational fluid dynamic dengan menggunakan heat recovery yang berasal dari gas buang mesin induk kapal. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, kedua tipe heat exchanger tersebut mampu memanfaatkan heat recovery dengan suhu luaran air ballast diatas 55oC. Heat exchanger tipe plate memiliki suhu luaran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan shell and tube. Pada shell and tube heat exchanger, untuk kapal 1 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 56.84 C dan pressure drop sebesar 0.65 bar. Untuk kapal 2 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 61 C dan pressure drop sebesar 0.58 bar. Untuk kapal 3 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 60.03 C dan pressure drop sebesar 0.07 bar. Untuk kapal 4 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 84 C dan pressure drop sebesar 0.65 bar. Untuk kapal 5 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 68.5 C dan pressure drop sebesar 1.6 bar. Untuk kapal 6 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 67.35 C dan pressure drop sebesar 0.5 bar. Pada plate gasket heat exchanger untuk kapal 1 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 108.43 C dan pressure drop sebesar 1.34 bar. Untuk kapal 2 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 104.14 C dan pressure drop sebesar 3.96 bar. Untuk kapal 3 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 99 C dan pressure drop sebesar 1.86 bar. Untuk kapal 4 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 89.96 C dan pressure drop sebesar 1.55 bar. Untuk kapal 5 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 109.86 C dan pressure drop sebesar 3.23 bar. Untuk kapal 6 memiliki suhu air output sebesar 85.87 C dan pressure drop sebesar 1.53 bar. Kemudian dari segi dimensi, keduanya memiliki ukuran yang masif untuk aplikasi ballast water treatment. Sedangkan dari karakteristik tekanan, keduanya memiliki nilai pressure drop yang masih dibatas toleransi.
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Environmental issues are a priority issue in many countries. In the shipping and maritime field, the environmental issue that is currently the focus is ballast water. Where it is very possible for a ship to take sea water from one place and then dump it in another place. And according to previous research the disposal of ballast water by ships has a negative impact on the marine environment around the area being disposed of. This is because the sea water is very likely to contain microorganisms that are invasive. Therefore the disposal of ballast water and sediment by ships is regulated globally under the IMO (International Maritime Organization) through the Ballast Water Management Convention and the International Convention for The Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments. Ballast water treatment on ships has the function of killing microorganisms in ballast water before it is discharged. One of the ballast water treatment methods is the thermal method by heating ballast water so that microorganisms die. In this research, a shell and tube type heat exchanger and a plate gasket heat exchanger based on computational fluid dynamic simulations have been carried out using heat recovery from the exhaust gas of the ships main engine. From the results of the research conducted, both types of heat exchangers are capable of utilizing heat recovery with an output temperature of ballast water above 55oC. Plate type heat exchangers have a higher outside temperature than shell and tube. In the shell and tube heat exchanger, ship 1 has an output water temperature of 56.84 C and a pressure drop of 0.65 bar. Ship 2 has an output water temperature of 61 C and a pressure drop of 0.58 bar. For ship 3, it has an output water temperature of 60.03 C and a pressure drop of 0.07 bar. For ship 4, it has an output water temperature of 84 C and a pressure drop of 0.65 bar. For ship 5, it has an output water temperature of 68.5 C and a pressure drop of 1.6 bar. Ship 6 has an output water temperature of 67.35 C and a pressure drop of 0.5 bar. The plate gasket heat exchanger for ship 1 has an output water temperature of 108.43 C and a pressure drop of 1.34 bar. Ship 2 has an output water temperature of 104.14 C and a pressure drop of 3.96 bar. For ship 3, it has an output water temperature of 99 C and a pressure drop of 1.86 bar. For ship 4, it has an output water temperature of 89.96 C and a pressure drop of 1.55 bar. Ship 5 has an output water temperature of 109.86 C and a pressure drop of 3.23 bar. Ship 6 has an output water temperature of 85.87 C and a pressure drop of 1.53 bar. Then in terms of dimensions, both have massive sizes for ballast water treatment applications. Meanwhile, from the pressure characteristics, both have a pressure drop value that is still within tolerance limits
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | pengolahan air ballas, penukar panas, pemulihan panas, mikroorganisme, Ballast Water Treatment, Heat Exchanger, Heat Recovery, Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM1 Ballast (Ships) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Ocean Engineering > 38001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | ADHI ISWANTORO |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Dec 2023 06:26 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Dec 2023 06:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105279 |
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