Pra-Desain Pabrik Garam Farmasi dari Garam Rakyat dengan Metode Three-Effect Recrystallization

Shidqi, Muhammad and Ramadhani, Zafira Mirza (2023) Pra-Desain Pabrik Garam Farmasi dari Garam Rakyat dengan Metode Three-Effect Recrystallization. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Garam merupakan istilah umum untuk senyawa kimia bernama Natrium Chlorida (NaCl). Secara fisik, garam adalah benda padatan berwarna putih berbentuk kristal yang merupakan kumpulan senyawa dengan bagian terbesar NaCl (> 80%) serta senyawa lainnya seperti CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, dan bahan tambahan iodium, anti-caking atau free-flowing maupun tidak. Di alam, garam tidak bisa didapatkan dalam keadaan benar-benar murni, walaupun beberapa analisa telah dilakukan menunjukkan kemurnian garam (NaCl) mencapai 99,9%. Garam tidak hanya dimanfaatkan sebatas pada bidang pangan saja, melainkan juga menjadi kebutuhan berbagai macam industri baik sebagai bahan baku utama seperti pembuatan caustic soda, maupun sebagai bahan baku penolong (tambahan) seperti pada water treatment unit, pembuatan monosodium glutamate (MSG), bahan-bahan medis dan obat-obatan, produk susu dan turunannya, dan juga dapat digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit gondok dengan ditambahkan iodium serta aplikasi-aplikasi lainnya. Kebutuhan garam farmasi di Indonesia setiap tahun semakin meningkat. Indonesia telah memproduksi garam farmasi sendiri sejak dibangunnya pabrik garam farmasi pertama di Indonesia oleh PT Kimia Farma tbk pada tahun 2016. Namun kapasitas pabrik tersebut hanya 2.00 ton/tahun sehingga kekurangan ini dipenuhi dengan melakukan impor garam farmasi. Dapat dikatakan untuk saat ini Indonesia masih sangat tergantung pada bahan baku impor untuk industri farmasi, di mana hampir 95% bahan baku obat (BBO) yang diperlukan masih bergantung pada bahan baku impor. Permasalahan tersebut melatar belakangi pendirian Pabrik Garam Farmasi dari Garam Rakyat yang direncanakan akan mulai dibangun pada tahun 2028 dengan kapasitas 2000 Ton/Tahun, dan didirikan di Kabupaten Pati. Kabupaten Pati yang terletak di Jawa Tengah dipilih berdasarkan analisa menggunakan metode pembobotan setelah dibandingan dengan Kabutapen Sampang dan Kabupaten Sumenep. Pabrik garam farmasi ini menggunakan metode Three-Effect Recrystallization. Pabrik garam farmasi yang didirikan akan dioperasikan selama 330 hari selama satu tahun. Proses produksi akan dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan, yaitu unit pemurnian bahan baku, unit penguapan dan pengkristalan, dan unit pengeringan dan pengendalian produk. Pabrik garam farmasi yang didirikankan membutuhkan Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) Rp 687.523.026.911,21dan memiliki Operational Expenditure (OPEX) sebesar Rp 346.648.158.382 dengan IRR sebesar 28.84% dan waktu pengembalian modal selama 4 tahun. Break Even Point yang didapat ialah 20.42%. Berdasarkan analisa tersebut didapatkan bahwa pabrik garam farmasi layak didirikan dari segi teknikal maupun segi finansial yang sangat feasible untuk didirikan serta dioperasikan.
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Salt is a common term for a chemical compound called Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Physically, salt is a solid substance with a white color and a crystalline form, which consists mainly of NaCl (> 80%) along with other compounds such as CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, and additional ingredients like iodine, anti-caking agents, or free-flowing agents. In nature, salt cannot be found in a completely pure state, although some analyses have shown the purity of salt (NaCl) to reach 99.9%. Salt is not only used in the food industry but also in various other industries as a primary raw material, such as in the production of caustic soda, as well as auxiliary raw materials in water treatment units, the manufacturing of monosodium glutamate (MSG), medical and pharmaceutical products, dairy products and derivatives, and it can also be used to prevent goiter by adding iodine, among other applications. The demand for pharmaceutical salt in Indonesia is increasing every year. Indonesia has been producing its own pharmaceutical salt since the establishment of the first pharmaceutical salt factory in 2016 by PT Kimia Farma tbk. However, the capacity of that factory is only 2,000 tons per year, so this shortage is fulfilled by importing pharmaceutical salt. It can be said that Indonesia is still heavily dependent on imported raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, with almost 95% of the required active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) relying on imported raw materials. This issue underlies the establishment of the People's Salt Pharmaceutical Factory, which is planned to begin construction in 2028 with a capacity of 2,000 tons per year, located in Pati Regency. Pati Regency, located in Central Java, was chosen based on weighted analysis compared to Sampang Regency and Sumenep Regency. This pharmaceutical salt factory will utilize the Three-Effect Recrystallization method. The established pharmaceutical salt factory will operate for 330 days per year. The production process will be divided into three stages: raw material purification unit, evaporation and crystallization unit, and drying and product control unit. The establishment of the pharmaceutical salt factory requires a Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) of Rp 687,523,026,911.21 and has an Operational Expenditure (OPEX) of Rp 346,648,158,382, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 28.84% and a payback period of 4 years. The Break Even Point obtained is 20.42%. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the pharmaceutical salt factory is technically and financially feasible to establish and operate.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pharmaceutical Salt, Crude Solar Salt dan Vacuum Pan, Garam Farmasi, Garam Rakyat dan Vacuum Pan
Subjects:	R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zafira Mirza Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	29 Jan 2024 03:00
Last Modified:	29 Jan 2024 03:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105683

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