Susanto, Aloysius Pramasetya Yuniar (2024) Penentuan Faktor Emisi Particulate Matter berdasarkan Data CEMS dari PLTU Batu Bara Milik PT PLN (Persero). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Dalam pengoperasian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) akan dihasilkan Particulate Matter (PM) yang dapat dipantau dengan menggunakan Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). CEMS dapat mengalami kerusakan dan menimbulkan kendala pada perhitungan dan pelaporan beban emisi dari PLTU. Keberadaan faktor emisi PM dapat mengatasi kendala tersebut sekaligus menjadi pertimbangan pengambilan keputusan korporat dalam pengembangan strategi pengendalian emisi. Sampai dengan saat ini belum terdapat faktor emisi PM yang berasal maupun dapat diaplikasikan untuk PLTU milik PT PLN (Persero). Nilai faktor emisi dari 52 unit PLTU dapat berbeda satu dengan yang lainnya dan diduga dipengaruhi jenis boiler, kapasitas pembangkit, dan jenis Air Pollution Control Device (APCD). Fluktuasi nilai kalor batu bara, carbon content batu bara, tara kalor pembangkit, dan persentase penggunaan biomassa juga diduga akan memengaruhi nilai faktor emisi sehingga dapat ditentukan faktor emisi particulate matter yang dinamis. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengolahan data konsentrasi PM, laju alir volumetrik, konsumsi batu bara, dan produksi kilowatt-hour (kWh) listrik untuk menentukan faktor emisi PM dari 52 unit PLTU ber-CEMS. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji korelasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis boiler, kapasitas pembangkit, dan jenis APCD terpasang terhadap faktor emisi PM dengan kategorisasi unit PLTU ke dalam dua atau tiga subkategori yang sama. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan data nilai kalor, carbon content, tara kalor, dan persentase penggunaan biomassa dilakukan percobaan penyusunan faktor emisi dinamis yang dinyatakan dalam persamaan regresi linier sederhana atau berganda berikut pengecekan akurasinya. Perbedaan konfigurasi pada 52 unit PLTU yang menjadi obyek penelitian menimbulkan variasi nilai faktor emisi yang terbentuk. Nilai faktor emisi PM yang lebih baik didapatkan dengan mengelompokkan 52 unit PLTU berdasarkan kesamaan jenis boiler, kapasitas terpasang, serta jenis APCD terpasang; sehingga hanya tersisa 15 nilai faktor emisi untuk 15 kelompok unit PLTU (berdasarkan kesamaan 3 subkategori). Jenis boiler (diwakili parameter kecepatan superfisial gas) paling memengaruhi nilai faktor emisi dengan hubungan korelasi positif sangat kuat; diikuti dengan jenis APCD terpasang (diwakili parameter efisiensi teoritis penyisihan PM) serta kapasitas terpasang (diwakili parameter Specific Coal Consumption/SCC). Persamaan faktor emisi dinamis PM yang terbentuk adalah : y=0,763+(-0,016x) di mana hanya variabel independen fixed carbon (hasil proximate analysis) sebagai angka masukan pada sumbu (x) yang memiliki korelasi signifikan terhadap nilai faktor emisi dinamis PM
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In the operation of a Steam Power Plant (PLTU), Particulate Matter (PM) will be produced which can be monitored using the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). CEMS can be damaged and cause problems with calculating and reporting emission loads from PLTUs. The existence of PM emission factors can overcome these obstacles and at the same time become a consideration for corporate decision making in developing emission control strategies. Until now there is no PM emission factor that originates from or can be applied to PLTU owned by PT PLN (Persero). The emission factor values for 52 PLTU units can differ from one another and are thought to be influenced by the type of boiler, generating capacity and type of Air Pollution Control Device (APCD). Fluctuations in the heating value of coal, carbon content of coal, heat generation rate, and percentage of biomass use are also thought to influence the emission factor value so that a dynamic particulate matter emission factor can be determined. The research began with processing data on PM concentration, volumetric flow rate, coal consumption, and kilowatt-hour (kWh) electricity production to determine the PM emission factors from 52 PLTU units with CEMS. Next, a correlation test was carried out to determine the effect of boiler type, generating capacity, and type of installed APCD on PM emission factors by categorizing PLTU units into the same two or three subcategories. Next, using data on calorific value, carbon content, heat rate, and percentage of biomass use, experiments were carried out to prepare dynamic emission factors expressed in simple or multiple linear regression equations and their accuracy checked. The different configurations of the 52 PLTU units that were the object of research resulted in variations in the emission factor values that were formed. A better PM emission factor value was obtained by grouping 52 PLTU units based on the similarity of boiler type, installed capacity, and type of installed APCD; so that only 15 emission factor values remain for 15 groups of PLTU units (based on the similarity of 3 subcategories). The type of boiler (represented by the superficial gas velocity parameter) most influences the emission factor value with a very strong positive correlation relationship; followed by the type of installed APCD (represented by the theoretical efficiency parameter for PM allowance) and the installed capacity (represented by the Specific Coal Consumption/SCC parameter). The PM dynamic emission factor equation formed is: y=0.763+(-0.016x) where only the independent variable fixed carbon (result of proximate analysis) as an input number on the (x) axis has a significant correlation with the PM dynamic emission factor value
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CEMS, faktor emisi, faktor emisi dinamis, particulate matter, PLTU berbahan bakar batu bara; CEMS, emission factors, dynamic emission factors, particulate matter, PLTU coal-fired |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883 Air quality management. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD887.B58 Air pollutants. Bituminous materials T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Aloysius Pramasetya Yuniar Susanto |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jan 2024 04:35 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jan 2024 04:35 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105695 |
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