Pengolahan Kimiawi Air Asam Tambang Batu Bara

Ramadhan, Raafi Prisan (2024) Pengolahan Kimiawi Air Asam Tambang Batu Bara. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Air Asam Tambang (AAT) batu bara adalah air asam yang mengandung logam akibat oksidasi mineral sulfida dengan bantuan oksigen yang berasal dari pertambangan batu bara. Karakteristik AAT batu bara dapat bervariasi, sehingga memerlukan pengolahan yang tepat untuk dibuang dengan aman ke badan air. Pengolahan aktif melibatkan penambahan Ca(OH)2 atau NaOH merupakan pengolahan yang lazim digunakan. Penambahan koagulan seperti Tawas dan PAC dapat membantu untuk mengolah AAT Batu Bara. Penelitian ini diawali dengan membuat AAT batu bara artifisial menjadi tiga karakteristik. Karakteristik awal AAT Batu Bara tipe I adalah pH 5,09; TSS 502 mg/L; kekeruhan 100 NTU; kandungan Fe 18,13 mg/L; dan Mn 12,27 mg/L. Karakteristik awal AAT Batu Bara tipe II adalah pH 4,02; TSS 504 mg/L; kekeruhan 100 NTU; kandungan Fe 26,63 mg/L; dan Mn 17,08 mg/L. Karakteristik awal AAT Batu Bara tipe III adalah pH 3,13; TSS 508 mg/L; kekeruhan 100 NTU; kandungan Fe 37,33 mg/L; dan Mn 32,72 mg/L. Penelitian tahap satu merupakan pengolahan netralisasi-presipitasi setiap variasi AAT batu bara artifisial dengan Ca(OH)2 dan NaOH. Penelitian tahap satu dilakukan untuk menganalisis kinerja Ca(OH)2 dan NaOH dalam mengolah AAT batu bara. Penelitian tahap dua merupakan pengolahan koagulasi-flokulasi-presipitasi setiap variasi AAT batu bara artifisial dengan Tawas dan PAC. Penelitian tahap dua dilakukan untuk menganalisis kinerja Tawas dan PAC dalam mengolah AAT batu bara. Setelah dilakukan penelitian tahap 1 dan tahap 2, dapat ditentukan usulan pengolahan kimiawi yang efektif dan sesuai untuk mengolah setiap variasi AAT batu bara.
Kinerja Ca(OH)2 dan NaOH dalam proses netralisasi-presipitasi bergantung terhadap variasi karakteristik awal AAT batu bara. Kinerja Ca(OH)2 lebih efektif daripada NaOH dalam mereduksi kekeruhan, TSS, kandungan Fe, dan Mn pada karakteristik AAT batu bara I dan II. Kinerja Ca(OH)2 lebih baik dalam mereduksi kandungan Fe dan Mn, sementara NaOH bekerja baik dalam mereduksi TSS dan kekeruhan pada AAT batu bara karakteristik III. Kinerja Tawas dan PAC dalam proses koagulasi-flokulasi-presipitasi bergantung terhadap variasi karakteristik awal AAT batu bara. Tawas dapat menurunkan pH lebih besar dibandingkan PAC untuk setiap karakteristik AAT batu bara. Kinerja Tawas lebih baik dalam mereduksi kekeruhan, TSS, kandungan Fe, dan Mn pada karakteristik AAT batu bara I. Namun PAC lebih efektif mereduksi parameter yang sama pada AAT batu bara karakteristik II dan III, kecuali parameter Fe pada AAT batu bara karakteristik III. Usulan pengolahan untuk AAT batu bara karakteristik I dan II yakni, netralisasi-presipitasi menggunakan Ca(OH)2. Sedangkan, netralisasi dua tahap menjadi usulan pengolahan untuk AAT batu bara karakteristik III.
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Coal Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is acidic water containing high metal content resulting from the oxidation of sulfide minerals with oxygen from coal mining. The characteristics of Coal AMD can vary, necessitating appropriate processing for safe disposal into water bodies. Active treatment involves the addition of Ca(OH)2 or NaOH, commonly used in treatment. Adding flocculants or coagulants such as alum and PAC can assist in processing Coal AMD. This research begins by creating three characteristics for Coal AMD artificial. he initial characteristics of Coal AMD type I are pH of 5,09; TSS (Total Suspended Solids) 502 mg/L; Turbidity 100 NTU; Iron (Fe) 18,13 mg/L; and Manganese (Mn) 12,27 mg/L. The initial characteristics of Coal AMD type II are pH 4,02; TSS 504 mg/L; Turbidity 100 NTU; Iron (Fe) 26,63 mg/L; and Manganese (Mn) 17,08 mg/L. The initial characteristics of Coal AMD type III are pH of 3,13; TSS of 508 mg/L; Turbidity 100 NTU; Iron (Fe) content 37,33 mg/L; and Manganese (Mn) 32,72. The first phase of the research involves neutralization-precipitation treatment for each variation of artificial AMD using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH. This phase is conducted to analyze the performance of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH in treating Coal AMD. The second phase involves coagulation-flocculation-precipitation treatment for each variation of artificial AMD using alum and PAC. This phase is carried out to analyze the performance of alum and PAC in treating Coal AMD. After completing the first and second phases, an effective and suitable chemical treatment proposal for each variation of Coal AMD can be determined. The performance of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH in the neutralization-precipitation process depends on the initial characteristics of Coal AMD. The performance of Ca(OH)2 is more effective than NaOH in reducing turbidity, TSS, Fe, and Mn content in Coal AMD characteristics I and II. Ca(OH)2 performs better in reducing Fe and Mn content, while NaOH works well in reducing TSS and turbidity in Coal AMD characteristic III. The performance of alum and PAC in the coagulation-flocculation-precipitation process depends on the initial characteristics of Coal AMD. Alum can decrease pH more significantly than PAC for each characteristic of Coal AMD. Alum performs better in reducing turbidity, TSS, Fe, and Mn content in Coal AMD characteristic I. However, PAC is more effective in reducing the same parameters in Coal AMD characteristics II and III, except for Fe content in Coal AMD characteristic III. The proposed treatment for Coal AMD characteristics I and II is neutralization-precipitation using Ca(OH)2, while a two-stage neutralization is proposed for Coal AMD characteristic III.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Asam Tambang, Netralisasi, Koagulasi, Flokulasi, Presipitasi, Acid Mine Drainage, Neutralization, Coagulation, Flocculation, Precipitation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Raafi Prisan Ramadhan
Date Deposited:	01 Feb 2024 05:19
Last Modified:	01 Feb 2024 05:19
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/105890

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