Pelapisan Kemasan Makanan Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Protein

Amadea, Daffa Atha (2024) Pelapisan Kemasan Makanan Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Protein. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kertas menjadi pilihan utama untuk diaplikasikan menjadi produk sehari-hari karena ringan dan juga multifungsi. Namun, struktur jaringan yang berpori membuat kertas harus dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dan sifat bariernya. Dengan pelapisan atau coating, kertas yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan kemasan makanan dapat memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik serta lebih tahan terhadap beberapa senyawa seperti oksigen, air, minyak, dan lemak. Umumnya, bahan yang digunakan untuk melapisi substrat kertas adalah biopolimer. Namun, tidak semua jenis biopolimer diizinkan dan dianggap aman baik itu untuk lingkungan maupun manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pertimbangan untuk memilih biopolimer yang tepat. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan Polylactic acid (PLA), nano kitosan oligosakarida (nano COS), dan soy protein isolate (SPI) sebagai bahan pelapis yang diaplikasikan secara multilayer. Pada layer pertama yang kontak dengan kertas, dilapiskan SPI dan pada layer kedua dilapiskan kombinasi PLA dan nano COS. Bahan kertas yang digunakan pada proses coating yaitu MG paper 35 gsm PT. BMJ, Indonesia. Variasi proses coating menggunakan tipe dan rasio nano COS. Layer pertama, berperan sebagai penghalang minyak (oil repellent). Sedangkan layer kedua, berfungsi sebagai penghalang air (water repellent), antibakteri, antifungi, antioksidan, serta anti kelembapan (anti moisture). Tidak hanya itu, layer kedua ini juga andil dalam peningkatan sifat mekanik dari bahan kemasan (packaging). Peranan kedua lapisan tersebut saling melengkapi untuk mempertahankan kondisi bahan kemasan dan menunda pembusukan makanan. Untuk mengetahui kualitas dan performa coating, telah dilakukan beberapa pengujian secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kertas yang telah diberikan multilayer coating SPI/PLA + nano COS memiliki sifat mekanik dan sifat barier yang memenuhi standar untuk bahan kemasan makanan. Sifat mekanik tertinggi dimiliki oleh SPI/PLA + nano COS BSF, sedangkan sifat barier water dan oil repellent terbaik dimiliki oleh SPI/PLA + nano COS shrimp. Semua sample mempunyai kemampuan antibakteri baik itu dengan bakteri gram negatif Escherichia coli ataupun dengan bakteri gram positif Staphylococcus aureus. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh molecular structure, rasio nano COS, dan juga morfologi dan surface roughness hasil coating. Morfologi dan surface roughness telah diteliti berkorelasi dengan performa hasil coating. Reaksi yang terjadi dan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat mekanik dan sifat barier kertas akan berbeda ketika nano COS memiliki gugus fungsi yang berbeda. Reaksi tersebut juga berkorelasi dengan rasio yang digunakan. Sedangkan morfologi dan surface roughness akan berpengaruh pada sifat mekanik karena berkaitan dengan tearing dan cracking serta berpengaruh pada sifat barier water and oil repellent dan juga sifat antibakteri.
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Paper is the main choice for application in everyday products because it is light and multifunctional. However, the porous network structure means that paper must be modified to improve its mechanical and barrier properties. By coating, the paper that will be used as food packaging material can have good mechanical properties and be more resistant to several compounds such as oxygen, water, oil and fat. Generally, the material used to coat paper substrates is biopolymer. However, not all types of biopolymers are permitted and considered safe for both the environment and humans. Therefore, consideration is needed to choose the right biopolymer. In this research, polylactic acid (PLA), nano chitosan oligosaccharide (nano COS), and soy protein isolate (SPI) were used as coating materials which were applied in a multilayer manner. On the first layer that is in contact with the paper, SPI is coated and on the second layer a combination of PLA and nano COS is coated. The paper material used in the coating process is MG paper 35 gsm PT. BMJ, Indonesia. Variations in the coating process using the type and ratio of nano COS. The first layer acts as an oil barrier (oil repellent). Meanwhile, the second layer functions as a water repellent, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-moisture. Not only that, this second layer also contributes to improving the mechanical properties of the packaging material. The roles of these two layers complement each other to maintain the condition of the packaging material and delay food spoilage. To determine the quality and performance of the coating, several quantitative and qualitative tests have been carried out. Paper that has been given a multilayer coating of SPI/PLA + nano COS has mechanical and barrier properties that meet standards for food packaging materials. The highest mechanical properties are possessed by SPI/PLA + nano COS BSF, while the best water barrier and oil repellent properties are possessed by SPI/PLA + nano COS shrimp. All samples have antibacterial capabilities, both against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This is influenced by the molecular structure, nano COS ratio, and also the morphology and surface roughness of the coating result. Morphology and surface roughness have been studied to correlate with coating performance. The reactions that occur and their influence on the mechanical properties and barrier properties of paper will be different when nano COS has different functional groups. The reaction also correlates with the ratio used. Meanwhile, morphology and surface roughness will affect the mechanical properties because they are related to tearing and cracking and also affect the water and oil repellent barrier properties and also antibacterial properties.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Additional Information:	RSMt 664.119 DAF p 2024
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biopolimer, Nano Kitosan Oligosakarida (Nano COS), Pelapisan Kertas, PLA, SPI, Biopolymer, Nano Chitosan Oligosaccharide (Nano COS), Paper Coating, PLA, SPI.
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD481 Chemical structure. Q Science > QP Physiology > QP801.B69 Biopolymers Q Science > QP Physiology > QP801.P64 Polymers--Biodegradation Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	DAFFA ATHA AMADEA
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2024 03:41
Last Modified:	29 Oct 2024 08:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106000

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