Hazen Masrafat, Hazen (2024) Studi Eksperimental Sifat Mekanik dan Pemodelan Finite Element Balok Beton Geopolimer Berbasis Fly Ash Tipe C dengan Metode Pencampuran Kering di Lingkungan Sulfat. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beton geopolimer merupakan alternatif material yang digunakan sebagai penyusun beton pada elemen struktur beton bertulang. Beton bertulang adalah material yang banyak digunakan dalam dunia infrastruktur salah satunya di daerah dengan paparan sulfat. Peneliti terdahulu melakukan investigasi beton geopolimer masih sebatas sifat mekanik, sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut guna melihat perilakunya sebagai elemen struktur beton bertulang pada bangunan di lingkungan dengan paparan sulfat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh paparan sulfat dengan konsentrasi 5%magnesium sulfat dalam 900mL air terhadap perilaku struktur meliputi kapasitas lentur dan pola keretakan pada balok beton bertulang geopolimer berbasis fly ash tipe C menggunakan metode pencampuran kering (GPC) dan balok beton bertulang berbasis semen PCC. Material beton geopolimer sebagai alternatif material balok beton bertulang di lingkungan dengan paparan sulfat dilakukan pengujian laboratorium mengenai sifat mekanik (kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, poisson’s ratio, kuat tarik belah, dan fracture energy). Pengujian ini dilakukan dalam 4 tahap, yaitu sebelum paparan sulfat, setelah paparan 28, 56, dan 90 hari. Hasil pengujian sifat mekanik di laboratorium akan digunakan sebagai input pada program bantu numerik 3DNLFEA guna mendapatkan nilai kapasitas lentur dan pola keretakan serta mekanisme kegagalan balok beton bertulang geopolimer dan PCC di bawah paparan sulfat.Hasil pengujian sifat mekanik di laboratorium menunjukkan kuat tekan, modulus elastisitas, kuat tarik belah, dan fracture energy beton geopolimer meningkat secara terus-menerus hingga waktu paparan akhir 90 hari, sedangkan beton PCC hanya meningkat hingga paparan 56 hari, kemudian menurun saat paparan 90 hari. Hasil analisis numerik melalui program 3DNLFEA menunjukkan balok beton bertulang PCC mengalami peningkatan momen ultimate sebesar 1% hingga waktu paparan 56 hari, kemudian mengalami penurunan sebesar 1% pada saat paparan 90 hari. Sedangkan balok beton bertulang GPC mengalami peningkatan momen ultimate sebesar 3% hingga waktu paparan akhir 90 hari. Selain itu, hasil analisis numerik 3DNLFEA juga menunjukka balok beton PCC mengalami retak vertikal pada zona di antara 2 titik pembebanan dan diikuti dengan retak miring/diagonal di luar zona 2 titik pembebanan. Berbeda halnya dengan balok beton GPC mengalami retak vertikal pada zona di antara 2 titik pembebanan yang diikuti dengan retak miring/diagonal di luar zona 2 titik pembebanan hanya untuk kondisi sebelum paparan magnesium sulfat, sedangkan setelah paparan magnesium sulfat hingga 90 hari beton GPC hanya mengalami retak vertikal sepanjang elemen balok, tidak terdapat retak miring/diagonal
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Geopolymer concrete is an alternative material used as a constituent of concrete in reinforced concrete structural elements. Reinforced concrete is a material that is widely used in the world of infrastructure, one of which is in areas with sulfate exposure. Previous researchers who investigated geopolymer concrete were still limited to its mechanical properties, so it needs to be studied further to see its behavior as a reinforced concrete structural element in buildings in environments with sulfate exposure. This study aims to review the effect of sulfate exposure with a concentration of 5% magnesium sulfate in 900 mL of water on structural behavior including flexural capacity and crack patterns in type C fly ash-based geopolymer reinforced concrete beams using the dry mixing method (GPC) and PCC cement-based reinforced concrete beams. . Geopolymer concrete material as an alternative material for reinforced concrete beams in environments with sulfate exposure is carried out by laboratory testing regarding mechanical properties (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, split tensile strength, and fracture energy). This test was carried out in 4 stages, namely before exposure to sulfate, after exposure for 28, 56, and 90 days. The results of mechanical properties testing in the laboratory will be used as input for the 3DNLFEA numerical auxiliary program to obtain flexural capacity values and crack patterns as well as failure mechanisms for geopolymer and PCC reinforced concrete beams under sulfate exposure. The results of mechanical properties testing in the laboratory show compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, The split tensile strength and fracture energy of geopolymer concrete increased continuously until the final exposure time of 90 days, while PCC concrete only increased until 56 days of exposure, then decreased at 90 days of exposure. The results of numerical analysis through the 3DNLFEA program show that PCC reinforced concrete beams experienced an increase in ultimate moment of 1% up to an exposure time of 56 days, then decreased by 1% at an exposure time of 90 days. Meanwhile, GPC reinforced concrete beams experienced an increase in ultimate moment of 3% up to a final exposure time of 90 days. Apart from that, the results of the 3DNLFEA numerical analysis also show that PCC concrete beams experienced vertical cracks in the zone between the 2 loading points and followed by oblique/diagonal cracks outside the zone of the 2 loading points. In contrast, GPC concrete blocks experience vertical cracks in the zone between the 2 loading points followed by oblique/diagonal cracks outside the zone of the 2 loading points only for conditions before exposure to magnesium sulfate, whereas after exposure to magnesium sulfate for up to 90 days, GPC concrete only experiences cracking. vertically along the beam element, there are no oblique/diagonal cracks
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