Isolasi Selulosa Nanokristalin Dari Kulit Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Dan Optimasi Dengan Response Surface Methodology

Melenia, Alvina Tata (2024) Isolasi Selulosa Nanokristalin Dari Kulit Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Dan Optimasi Dengan Response Surface Methodology. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Selulosa Nanokristalin (NCC) berhasil diisolasi dari kulit biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) melalui proses alkalisasi, bleaching, hidrolisis variasi asam, dan ultrasonikasi. Kemurnian selulosa mencapai 59,72% setelah tahap alkalisasi dan bleaching. Hidrolisis dengan variasi asammaleat(NCC-MA), asamformat(NCC-FA), asamlaktat(NCC-LA, dan asam sitrat (NCC-CA) bertujuan menguraikan fasa amorf dalam serat selulosa, sementara ultrasonikasi membantu memecah partikel dengan gelembung kavitasi. Analisis termal menunjukkan bahwa NCC semua variasi asam terdiri dari 2 fase degradasi, sedangkan raw material hingga selulosa memiliki 3 fase. Hasil SEM menunjukkan peningkatan tekstur halus dari Wny hingga Wny-C, menunjukkan efektivitas pretreatment dalam menghilangkan komponen non-selulosa. Hasil TEM menunjukkan NCC dari variasi asam memiliki bentuk serupa dengan distribusi diameter yang berbeda. Dispersibilitas tinggi dengan diameter rata-rata : NCC-LA (11,2 nm), NCC-CA (11,7 nm), NCC-FA (31,5 nm), dan NCC-MA (17,2 nm). Hasil XRD menunjukkan puncak difraksi sesuai dengan struktur kristal selulosa tipe I pada sudut 2θ = 15,2°; 16,5°; dan 22,4°. Indeks kristalinitas NCC�CA, NCC-LA, NCC-FA, dan NCC-MA masing-masing adalah 40,3%; 53,1%; 44,6%, dan 37,9% dengan NCC-LA memiliki indeks kristalinitas tertinggi. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi parameter hidrolisis dengan asam laktat pada kondisi optimum konsentrasi asam 6,01 M, waktu 3,46 jam, dan suhu 91,12 °C melalui Response Surface Methodology menghasilkan indeks kristalinitas maksimum NCC sebesar 74,79%
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Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was effectively isolated from nyamplung seed sheels (Calophyllum inophyllum) using a method that involved alkalization, bleaching, acid hydrolysis with a variety of acid solution, and ultrasonication. After the alkalization and bleaching processes, 59.72% of the cellulose was purified. Hydrolysis with variations of maleic acid (NCC-MA), formic acid (NCC-FA), lactic acid (NCC-LA, and citric acid (NCC-CA) aims to break down the amorphous phase in cellulose fibres, while ultrasonication assisted in particle disintegration via cavitation bubbles. Thermal analysis shows that NCC for all acid variations consists of 2 degradation phases, while raw materials up to cellulose have 3 phases. The SEM results indicated that the surface roughness smoothed decreasing from Wny to Wny-C, indicating that the pretreatment was effective in reducing non-cellulosic components. TEM results showed that NCC from acid variations had similar shapes but different diameter distributions. They dispersed well, with average diameters of NCC-LA (11.2 nm), NCC-CA (11.7 nm), NCC-FA (31.5 nm), and NCC-MA (17.2 nm). XRD results revealed diffraction peaks corresponding to the Type I cellulose crystal structure at 2θ angles of 15.2°, 16.5°, and 22.4°. The crystallinity indices for NCC-CA, NCC-LA, NCC-FA, and NCC-MA were 40.3%, 53.1%, 44.6%, and 37.9%, with NCC-LA having the highest crystallinity index. Following that, hydrolysis parameter optimization with lactic acid under optimal conditions of acid concentration at 6.01 M, duration of 3.46 hours, and temperature of 91.12°C using Response Surface Methodology resulted in a maximum crystallinity index of NCC of 74.79%

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Additional Information:	RSKi 519.53 ALV i 2024
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Calophyllum inophyllum, NCC, Hidrolisis Variasi Asam, RSM; Acid Variation Hydrolysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Alvina Tata Melenia
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2024 07:02
Last Modified:	19 Nov 2024 03:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106270

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