Melenia, Alvina Tata (2024) Isolasi Selulosa Nanokristalin Dari Kulit Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Dan Optimasi Dengan Response Surface Methodologybarasmara. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Selulosa Nanokristalin (NCC) berhasil diisolasi dari kulit biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) melalui proses alkalisasi, bleaching, hidrolisis variasi asam, dan ultrasonikasi. Kemurnian selulosa mencapai 59,72% setelah tahap alkalisasi dan bleaching. Hidrolisis dengan variasi asammaleat(NCC-MA), asamformat(NCC-FA), asamlaktat(NCC-LA, dan asam sitrat (NCC-CA) bertujuan menguraikan fasa amorf dalam serat selulosa, sementara ultrasonikasi membantu memecah partikel dengan gelembung kavitasi. Analisis termal menunjukkan bahwa NCC semua variasi asam terdiri dari 2 fase degradasi, sedangkan raw material hingga selulosa memiliki 3 fase. Hasil SEM menunjukkan peningkatan tekstur halus dari Wny hingga Wny-C, menunjukkan efektivitas pretreatment dalam menghilangkan komponen non-selulosa. Hasil TEM menunjukkan NCC dari variasi asam memiliki bentuk serupa dengan distribusi diameter yang berbeda. Dispersibilitas tinggi dengan diameter rata-rata : NCC-LA (11,2 nm), NCC-CA (11,7 nm), NCC-FA (31,5 nm), dan NCC-MA (17,2 nm). Hasil XRD menunjukkan puncak difraksi sesuai dengan struktur kristal selulosa tipe I pada sudut 2θ = 15,2°; 16,5°; dan 22,4°. Indeks kristalinitas NCC�CA, NCC-LA, NCC-FA, dan NCC-MA masing-masing adalah 40,3%; 53,1%; 44,6%, dan 37,9% dengan NCC-LA memiliki indeks kristalinitas tertinggi. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi parameter hidrolisis dengan asam laktat pada kondisi optimum konsentrasi asam 6,01 M, waktu 3,46 jam, dan suhu 91,12 °C melalui Response Surface Methodology menghasilkan indeks kristalinitas maksimum NCC sebesar 74,79%
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Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was effectively isolated from nyamplung seed sheels (Calophyllum inophyllum) using a method that involved alkalization, bleaching, acid hydrolysis with a variety of acid solution, and ultrasonication. After the alkalization and bleaching processes, 59.72% of the cellulose was purified. Hydrolysis with variations of maleic acid (NCC-MA), formic acid (NCC-FA), lactic acid (NCC-LA, and citric acid (NCC-CA) aims to break down the amorphous phase in cellulose fibres, while ultrasonication assisted in particle disintegration via cavitation bubbles. Thermal analysis shows that NCC for all acid variations consists of 2 degradation phases, while raw materials up to cellulose have 3 phases. The SEM results indicated that the surface roughness smoothed decreasing from Wny to Wny-C, indicating that the pretreatment was effective in reducing non-cellulosic components. TEM results showed that NCC from acid variations had similar shapes but different diameter distributions. They dispersed well, with average diameters of NCC-LA (11.2 nm), NCC-CA (11.7 nm), NCC-FA (31.5 nm), and NCC-MA (17.2 nm). XRD results revealed diffraction peaks corresponding to the Type I cellulose crystal structure at 2θ angles of 15.2°, 16.5°, and 22.4°. The crystallinity indices for NCC-CA, NCC-LA, NCC-FA, and NCC-MA were 40.3%, 53.1%, 44.6%, and 37.9%, with NCC-LA having the highest crystallinity index. Following that, hydrolysis parameter optimization with lactic acid under optimal conditions of acid concentration at 6.01 M, duration of 3.46 hours, and temperature of 91.12°C using Response Surface Methodology resulted in a maximum crystallinity index of NCC of 74.79%
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Calophyllum inophyllum, NCC, Hidrolisis Variasi Asam, RSM; Calophyllum inophyllum, NCC, Acid Variation Hydrolysis, RSM |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Alvina Tata Melenia |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Feb 2024 07:02 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Feb 2024 07:02 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106270 |
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