Wisyaldin, Muhammad Kamal (2024) Simulasi Pemanfaatan Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) untuk Konversi Limbah Kota menjadi Bahan Bakar Padat Co-Firing. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pertumbuhan ekonomi mempengaruhi permintaan energi, sehingga meningkatkan pembangunan pembangkit listrik untuk memenuhi permintaan. Karbonisasi Hidrotermal melibatkan perlakuan bahan mentah pada tekanan dan temperatur tinggi selama jangka waktu tertentu, menghasilkan padatan yang seragam dan berukuran lebih kecil dari bahan yang memiliki kadar air tinggi. Produk padat yang diolah secara hidrotermal memiliki karakteristik serupa dengan bahan bakar padat, berkisar antara batubara lignit dan batubara low sub-bituminous. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi sampah kota untuk diubah menjadi bahan bakar padat melalui karbonisasi hidrotermal. Hasil produk berupa char dari penelitian sampah kota di Jawa Barat, dianalisa guna dapat dicampur dengan batu bara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Karbonisasi hidrotermal tersebut dikondisikan operasi pada temperatur 215°C dan tekanan 2 MPa selama 30 menit. Pemodelan keseimbangan energi dan massa pada di PLTU co-firing dilakukan keterkaitannya dengan integrasi proses karbonisasi hidrotermal. Sistem terintegrasi ini dianalisis secara termodinamika dengan memodelkan konfigurasi PLTU co-firing dengan berbagai kadar air sampah padat perkotaan dan rasio co-firing menggunakan perangkat lunak yang fleksibel, yaitu Thermoflex. Sistem HTC sampah atau limbah padat kota kontinu skala model dasar telah dibuat, dan dapat direncanakan sebagai model uji di PLTU. Hasil perhitungan model sistem HTC sampah kota di PLTU kapasitas 330 MW menunjukkan bahwa dengan bahan baku sampah kota 10 ton/jam dengan kandungan air sampah 10%, dihasilkan char sampah kota hasil HTC sebesar 980 kg/jam dengan asumsi nilai kalor produk ini sekitar 22,7 MJ/kg. Berdasarkan kesetimbangan energi dari model ini, keseimbangan antara kebutuhan energi panas sistem dengan energi panas yang diproduksi dicapai pada kondisi kandungan air sampah umpan sekitar 50%. Semakin rendah kandungan air sampah umpan maka semakin besar pula keuntungan yang diperoleh. Dari simulasi finansial investasi, pengembangan dan operasional sistem HTC sampah kota di PLTU diperkirakan akan memerlukan insentive atau kenaikan biaya yang paling sedikit 14,41 Rupiah/kWh. Eksperimen HTC sampah kota diperlukan pada sistem kontinu sebagai tahapan selanjutnya menuju pengembangan sistem HTC sampah di PLTU. Agar selanjutnya penelitian ini dapat membantu masalah sampah padat perkotaan dan mengurangi konsumsi batu bara di pembangkit listrik.
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The economy's growth affects the energy demand, increasing power plant construction to meet this demand. Hydrothermal Carbonization involves subjecting raw material to high pressure and temperature in water for a specific duration, resulting in uniform, smaller-sized solids from the high-moisture content material. The hydrothermally treated solid products share similar characteristics to solid fuel, ranging between lignite and low sub-bituminous coal. This paper suggests that municipal waste can be converted into solid fuel through hydrothermal carbonization. The resulting product, in the form of char, from municipal waste research in West Java, was analyzed so that it could be mixed with coal to meet the energy needs of steam power plants. The hydrothermal carbonization was conditioned to operate at a temperature of 215°C and a pressure of 2 MPa for 30 minutes. The typical energy balance model simulation of the hydrothermal treatment will also be described with co-firing thermal power plant. This integrated system was thermodynamically analyzed by modelling of co-firing thermal power plant configuration with various moisture content of feed municipal solid waste and co-firing ratio using the fully flexible heat balance engineering software, THERMOFLEX. A basic model-scale continuous HTC system for municipal solid waste has been created and can be planned as a test model at the steam power plants. The calculation results of the municipal waste HTC system model at a 330 MW power plant show that with 10 tons/hour of municipal waste as raw material with a wastewater content of 10%, the municipal waste char produced by HTC is 980 kg/hour with the assumption that the calorific value of this product is around 22. 7 MJ/kg. Based on the energy balance of this model, the balance between the system's heat energy requirements and the heat energy produced is achieved under the condition that the feed wastewater content is around 50%. The lower the water content of the feed waste, the greater the profits obtained. From the financial simulation, investment, development and operation of the municipal waste HTC system at the steam power plant is estimated to require an incentive or cost increase of at least 14.41 Rupiah/kWh. Municipal waste HTC experiments are needed in a continuous system as the next stage towards developing a waste HTC system at PLTU. So that this research can further help with the problem of urban solid waste and reduce coal consumption in power plants.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Hydrothermal Carbonization, Power Generation, Municipal Solid Waste Biomass, Karbonisasi Hidrotermal, Pembangkit Listrik, Biomasa Sampah Kota Hydrothermal Carbonization, Power Generation, Municipal Solid Waste Biomass |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhammad Kamal Wisyaldin |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Feb 2024 09:04 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Feb 2024 09:04 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106526 |
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