Ruswinda, Angky Patria (2024) Pengembangan Strategi Teaching Factory Jurusan Desain Interior dan Teknik Furnitur SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Target lulusan SMK dibagi menjadi tiga arah, yaitu Siap kerja, Melanjutkan Pendidikan dan Wirausaha. Sebagian besar dari lulusan SMK kemudian bekerja. Hingga 2023 Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) menurut pendidikan tertinggi yang ditamatkan menunjukkan bahwa lulusan SMK tetap yang paling tinggi, namun tingkat TPT dari 2021 hingga 2023 menunjukkan bahwa prosentase lulusan SMK mengalami penurunan paling cepat daripada lulusan jenjang lain. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya penerapan banyak program dari Direktorat Vokasi bidang SMK, salah satunya yaitu pembelajaran teaching factory atau TeFa. Pembelajaran teaching factory adalah konsep pembelajaran di SMK yang berbasis produksi (barang/jasa) yang mengacu pada standar dan prosedur yang berlaku di dunia industri dan dunia usaha. Indikator keberhasilan TeFa yang terbaru adalah program usaha yang berkelanjutan, terukur omzet dan keberterimaan pasar, dapat di-scale up dan diversifikasi produk. Sedangkan indikator keberhasilan teaching factory jika dipandang dari sisi siswa SMK adalah melahirkan siswa SMK mampu membuat konsep produk berkualitas; siswa SMK mampu melaksanakan proses produksi sesuai standar industri; terdapat pengembangan kemitraan antara siswa, sekolah dan pihak lain dalam mendukung kualitas standar produk, proses produksi, permodalan, pemasaran, paska penjualan hingga produk dapat diterima masyarakat; serta siswa dan sekolah mampu melakukan kegiatan promosi dan pemasaran. Teaching factory juga diterapkan di Desain Interior dan Teknik Furnitur SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya (DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya). Namun dalam pelaksanaan dan kurikulumnya masih belum dapat memenuhi semua indikator keberhasilan yang sudah ditentukan oleh Direktorat Vokasi bidang SMK. Bidang usaha dari TeFa DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya ini masih belum dapat dikatakan berkelanjutan, serta belum memiliki omzet yang berkelanjutan dan stabil, meskipun DITF SMKN 12 Surabaya sudah melibatkan praktisi industri dalam mengajar TeFa. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi problem dan peluang strategi pengembangan TeFa DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya yang tepat dengan kebutuhan industri dan minat siswa di jurusan tersebut, serta mampu menyiapkan strategi implementasi TeFa yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan design thinking yang berpusat pada manusia (human-centric) dan iteratif yang berorientasi pada pengguna dan peningkatan inovasi. Hasil pengujian atau testing terhadap prototype yang disusun terkait pengembangan strategi teaching factory di DITF SMKN 12 Surabaya menunjukkan beberapa solusi inovatif. Dimana hal yang pertama adalah diversifikasi produk dan jasa untuk teaching factory DITF, pihak manajemen SMKN 12 Surabaya tertarik dengan berbagai produk home decor yang dibuat oleh siswa DITF serta menilai beberapa produk yang ada akan laku jual saat dipamerkan di Pameran Tugas Akhir INDIST 2024. Sementara teaching factory yang sudah berjalan saat ini seperti TEFA custom-furniture meskipun tidak memberikan omzet yang rutin setiap bulan karena tidak pastinya kapan konsumen memesan produk, namun secara omzet pemasukan untuk selama testing menunjukkan ternyata penjualan terbanyak secara nilai proyek adalah teaching factory custom furniture, sehingga teaching factory custom furniture layak untuk tetap diadakan dan dikembangkan. Dengan diversifikasi produk pula ternyata memperkaya pengalaman siswa dalam membuat dan menjual karya bukan hanya furnitur namun juga home decor. Perapian kembali manajemen teaching factory secara keseluruhan belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perubahan teaching factory, sehingga perlu dilakukan iterasi terhadap proses define terkait pembagian tugas pengelolaan teaching factory di jurusan.
Terdapat beberapa implikasi manajerial yang muncul dari penelitian ini. Pertama yaitu keberlanjutan teaching factory dalam suatu sekolah sangat memerlukan dukungan dari pihak manajemen SMK terkait untuk mengembangkan kerjasama dengan pihak luar terutama dengan industri. Kegiatan promosi dan pemasaran terkait bidang usaha kreatif mutlak sangat diperlukan untuk menonjolkan portofolio usaha dan karya yang sudah pernah dihasilkan. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan implikasi manajerial terkait penerapan teaching factory pada Desain Interior dan Teknik Furnitur SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. Dengan demikian dapat mewujudkan TeFa yang lebih efektif, sesuai dengan indikator keberhasilan, kebutuhan industri setempat dan minat siswa.
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The target of Vocational High School (SMK) graduates is divided into three directions, namely Ready to Work, Continuing Education and Entrepreneurship. Most of the SMK graduates then work. Until 2023, the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) according to the highest education completed shows that SMK graduates remain the highest, but the TPT rate from 2021 to 2023 shows that the percentage of SMK graduates has decreased the fastest compared to graduates of other levels. This is due to the implementation of many programs from the Vocational Directorate in the SMK sector, one of which is teaching factory learning or TeFa. Teaching factory learning is a production-based (goods/services) based learning concept in Vocational High Schools that refers to standards and procedures that apply in the industrial world and the business world. The latest TeFa success indicator is a sustainable business program, measurable omzet and market acceptance, can be scaled up and product diversification. Meanwhile, the indicator of the success of teaching factory from the side of SMK students is that SMK students are able to conceptualize quality products; SMK students are able to carry out production processes according to industry standards; there is the development of partnerships between students, schools and other parties in supporting the quality of product standards, production processes, capital, marketing, post-sales so that products can be accepted by market; as well as students and schools are able to carry out promotional and marketing activities. The teaching factory is also implemented in Interior Design and Furniture Engineering at SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya (DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya). However, the implementation and curriculum are still not able to fulfill all the indicators of success that have been determined by the Vocational Directorate. The business sector of TeFa DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya cannot be said to be sustainable, and does not yet have a sustainable and stable omzet, even though DITF SMKN 12 Surabaya has involved industry practitioners in teaching TeFa. With this research, it is expected to be able to identify problems and opportunities for TeFa development strategies at DITF-SMKN 12 Surabaya that are appropriate to the needs of the local industry and the interests of students in the department, and to be able to prepare TeFa implementation strategies according to needs. The method used in this research is qualitative with a human-centric and iterative approach to design thinking that is user-oriented and innovation development. The results of testing phase of the prototype prepared in relation to the development of the teaching factory strategy at DITF SMKN 12 Surabaya showed several innovative solutions. Where the first thing is diversification of products and services for the DITF teaching factory, the management of SMKN 12 Surabaya is interested in the various home decor products made by DITF students and assesses that some of the existing products will sell well when exhibited at the 2024 INDIST Final Project Exhibition. Meanwhile teaching factory that are currently running, such as TeFa custom-furniture, although they do not provide a regular revenue every month because it is uncertain when consumers order products, however, in terms of income during testing, it turns out that the largest sales in terms of project value are the TeFa custom-furniture, so the TeFa custom furniture deserves to be maintained and developed. By diversifying products, it also turns out that students' experience in making and selling works of not only furniture but also home decor is enriched. The restructuring of the teaching factory management as a whole has not shown a significant influence on changes to the teaching factory, so it is necessary to iterate the definition process regarding the distribution of teaching factory management tasks in the department. There are several managerial implications that emerge from this research. First, the sustainability of a teaching factory in a school really requires support from the relevant vocational school management to develop collaboration with external parties, especially with industry. Promotional and marketing activities related to the creative business sector are absolutely necessary to highlight the business portfolio and work that has been produced. Through this research it is hoped that it can provide managerial implications related to the application of teaching factory in Interior Design and Furniture Engineering at SMK Negeri 12 Surabaya. Thus it can realize a more effective TeFa, in accordance with indicators of success, local industry needs and student interests.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | teaching factory, smk, desain interior dan teknik furnitur, strategi, ditf, smkn 12 surabaya, vocational high school, smk, interior design and furniture engineering, strategy |
| Subjects: | L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB1603 Secondary Education. High schools L Education > LB Theory and practice of education > LB2361 Curriculum T Technology > TT Handicrafts Arts and crafts |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Angky Patria Ruswinda |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Feb 2024 07:14 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Feb 2024 07:14 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/106742 |
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