Pambudi, Alfian Wisnu and Putra, Ardian Mahardika (2024) Desain Pabrik Garam Farmasi dari Garam Rakyat Berkapasitas 1500 Ton/tahun Menggunakan Membran Nanofiltrasi dan Kristalisasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5008201163_5008201038-Undergraduated_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5008201163_5008201038-Undergraduated_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2026. Download (2MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Saat ini industri farmasi di Indonesia masih sangat bergantung pada bahan baku impor, dimana hampir 95% bahan baku obat (BBO) yang diperlukan masih harus diimpor. Salah satu dari BBO tersebut adalah garam farmasi. Penggunaan garam farmasi sendiri sangatlah luas seperti untuk bahan baku sediaan infus, produksi tablet, pelarut vaksin, sirup, oralit, cairan pencuci darah, dan minuman kesehatan. Pembangunan pabrik garam farmasi diharapkan dapat membantu mensubstitusi impor yang selama ini dilakukan. Bahan baku dari garam farmasi ini adalah garam rakyat yang ketersediannya sangat melimpah di Indonesia. Terdapat tiga unit dalam pabrik garam farmasi antra lain unit pemurnian bahan baku, unit penguapan dan pengkristalan, dan unit pengendalian produk. Pada unit pemurnian bahan baku, garam rakyat yang memiliki kadar NaCl sebesar 89.39% dilarutkan menggunakan air proses menjadi larutan garam. Larutan akan difilter untuk memisahkan komponen-komponen pengotor pada garam rakyat. Larutan garam dimasukkan ke membran nanofiltrasi untuk pemisahan ion sulfat secara maksimal, membran nanofiltrasi ini mampu me-reject MgSO4 hingga 99,6%. Larutan kemudian dimasukkan ke unit penguapan dan pengeringan, dimana proses pembentukan kristal garam akan terjadi di dalam crystallizer. Kristal kemudian masuk ke dalam unit pengeringan dan pengendalian produk, dimana kristal-kristal tersebut akan dikeringkan menggunakan rotary dryer. Kristal garam memiliki kemurnian di atas 99% setelah proses pengeringan selesai dan ukurannya akan dikecilkan dengan ball mill hingga menjadi 50 mesh. Pabrik garam farmasi ini memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar 1500 ton/tahun dengan waktu operasi 330 hari kerja. Diperlukan total modal tetap (FCI) sebesar Rp 14.517.019.971,71; Modal kerja (WCI) sebesar Rp 10.038.718.145,94; Modal total (TCI) sebesar Rp 24.555.738.117,65; Total biaya produksi per tahun (TPC) sebesar Rp 20.077.436.291,88. Dengan estimasi penjualan per tahun sebesar Rp. Rp30.004.161.146,33 akan diperoleh nilai IRR 18,51 %; Waktu pengembalian modal (POT) 4,9 tahun; dan NPV positif sebesar Rp 9.466.694.328,02 yang menunjukkan bahwa pabrik garam farmasi ini layak untuk didirikan.
==================================================================================================================================
Nowadays, the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia is still heavily dependent on imported raw materials, where 95% of the necessary medicinal raw materials (BBOs) still have to be imported. The use of pharmaceutical salts is very wide as for the raw materials of infusion preparations, the production of tablets, vaccine solvents, syrups, oralites, hemodialysis fluids, and health drinks. One of the solutions that can be applied is to build several pharmaceutical salt factories with a large enough capacity. With this capacity, the amount of imported pharmaceuticals salt can be replaced as much as a percentage of domestic production and at the same time reduce dependence on the imports of pharmaceutical salt. The raw material of this pharmaceutical salt is the crude solar salt which is very abundant in Indonesia. There are three units in the pharmaceutical salt factory, including a raw material purification unit, an evaporation and crystallization unit, and a product control unit. In the raw material purification unit, people's salt which has a NaCl content of 89.39% is dissolved using process water to become a salt solution. The solution will be filtered to separate the impurity components in the people's salt. The salt solution is inserted into the nanofiltration membrane for maximum separation of sulfate ions. This nanofiltration membrane is able to reject MgSO4 up to 99.6%. The solution is then fed to the evaporation and drying unit, where the process of forming salt crystals will occur in the crystallizer. The crystals then enter the product drying and control unit, where they will be dried using a rotary dryer. The salt crystals have a purity above 99% after the drying process is complete and the size will be reduced with a ball mill to 50 mesh. This pharmaceutical salt factory has a production capacity of 1500 tons/year with an operating time of 330 working days. Required total fixed capital (FCI) of Rp 14.517.019.971,71 ; Working capital (WCI) of Rp 10.038.718.145,94; Total capital (TCI) of Rp 24.555.738.117,65; Annual production costs (TPC) of Rp 20.077.436.291,88. With estimated annual sales of Rp 30.004.161.146,33 will get an IRR value of 18,51 %; Payback period (POT) 4,9 years; and a positive NPV of Rp 9.466.694.328,02 which shows that this pharmaceutical salt plant is feasible to be established.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pharmaceutical salt, Crude solar salt, Membrane, Nanofiltration, Crystallization, Garam farmasi, Garam Rakyat, Membran, Nanofiltrasi, Kristalisasi |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.M4 Membranes (Technology) T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M46 Membrane separation T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS155 Production control. Production planning. Production management |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Alfian Wisnu Pambudi |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Jul 2024 02:28 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Jul 2024 02:28 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108146 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |