Wijaya, Yoda Kurnia and Supriadiputra, Mohammad Farhan (2024) Desain Pabrik Minyak Goreng Sehat dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dengan Metode Kombinasi Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)-Batchwise Solvent Extraction (BSE). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kelapa sawit, salah satu tanaman minyak buah, telah mengalami evolusi yang signifikan serta berkontribusi besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi khususnya industri minyak di seluruh dunia selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Diperkirakan, pada tahun 2050, kelapa sawit diharuskan memenuhi permintaan dunia yang diperkirakan mencapai 240 juta ton minyak nabati. Selanjutnya, bila melihat minyak goreng sawit yang telah berdar di pasaran, diketahui kandungan SFA-nya sangat tinggi yakni hampir 40-45% dari total fatty acid. Hal ini sangat berkebalikan dengan minyak goreng zaitun yang memiliki kandungan SFA yang rendah dan tinggi akan UFA yang menyebabkan minyak goreng zaitun dianggap sebagai minyak goreng sehat. Kadar UFA yang tinggi memiliki fungsi yang untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah sehingga dapat menurunkan potensi penyakit jantung. Selain kandungan fatty acid, dalam proses pemurniannya (refining) ada kemungkinan terbentuk beberapa kontaminan yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit kanker, antara lain 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) dan glycidyl esters (GE). Oleh karena itu, pabrik ini dibangun dengan menggunakan metode kombinasi microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)-batchwise solvent extraction (BSE) karena metodenya aman untuk lingkungan, operasinya tidak terlalu keras, minyak yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh yang lebih sehat, serta tidak mengandung 3-MCPD dan GE. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di Provinsi Riau tepatnya di Kawasan Industri Dumai, Kecamatan Medang Kampai, Kota Dumai. Proses utama pada pabrik ini terdiri atas 5 proses, yakni ekstraksi minyak menggunakan metode MAE, pemurnian minyak menggunakan metode BSE, pemurnian minyak dari pelarut menggunakan metode distilasi flash, pembentukan fraksi olein dan stearin menggunakan metode fraksinasi kering, dan filtrasi menggunakan metode filter press untuk mendapatkan fraksi olein sebagai produk akhir. Berdasarkan serangkaian proses yang dibuat, bahan baku CPO berjumlah 8,783 ribu ton/tahun mampu diolah menjadi fraksi olein sebagai produk akhir minyak goreng sehat berjumlah 5 ribu ton/tahun atau setara dengan 0,05% kebutuhan minyak goreng di Indonesia yang juga digunakan sebagai kapasitas pabrik ini. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi yang telah dilakukan pada pabrik ini, didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp1.538.915.632.201; biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp1.354.535.056.190. Estimasi umur pabrik adalah 15 tahun dan waktu pengembalian pinjaman (POT) selama 4,47 tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nilai IRR sebesar 46%, dengan BEP sebesar 27,3% dan NPV yang bernilai positif, yaitu Rp4.050.520.808.247. Dari hasil analisis dan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan.
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Palm oil, one of the fruit oil crops, has experienced significant evolution and contributed greatly to economic growth, especially the oil industry throughout the world over the last few decades. In 2050, palm oil will be required to meet world demand which is estimated to reach 240 million tons of vegetable oil. Furthermore, if we look at palm cooking oil that is available on the market, it is known that its SFA content is very high, almost 40-45% of the total fatty acids. This is in stark contrast to olive cooking oil which has a low SFA content and high UFA content which causes olive cooking oil to be considered a healthy cooking oil. High UFA levels have the function of lowering cholesterol levels in the blood so that it can reduce the potential for heart disease. Apart from the fatty acid content, in the refining process there is the possibility of forming several contaminants that can cause cancer, including 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters (GE). Therefore, this factory was built using a combination microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)-batchwise solvent extraction (BSE) method because the method is safe for the environment, the operation is not too harsh, the oil produced has a healthier unsaturated fatty acid content. and does not contain 3-MCPD and GE. This factory will be established in Riau Province, precisely in the Dumai Industrial Area, Medang Kampai District, Dumai City. The main process at this factory consists of 5 processes, namely oil extraction using the MAE method, oil purification using the BSE method, oil purification from solvents using the flash distillation method, formation of olein and stearin fractions using the dry fractionation method, and filtration using the filter press method to obtain olein fraction as the final product. Based on a series of processes created, CPO raw materials amounting to 8,783 thousand tons/year can be processed into olein fraction as the final product of healthy cooking oil amounting to 5 thousand tons/year or equivalent to 0.05% of cooking oil needs in Indonesia which is also used as capacity of this factory. Based on the economic analysis that has been carried out on this factory, a capital estimate (CAPEX) of IDR1.538.915.632.201 was obtained; operational costs (OPEX) of IDR1.354.535.056.190. The estimated age of the factory is 15 years, and the loan repayment period (POT) is 4,47 years. Based on the calculations that have been carried out, we get an IRR value of 46%, with a BEP of 27,3% and a positive NPV, namely IDR4.050.520.808.247 From the results of the analysis and calculations that have been carried out it can be concluded that this factory is profitable and feasible for established.
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | batchwise solvent extraction, microwave assisted extraction, minyak goreng sehat, kelapa sawit, healthy cooking oil, palm oil |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Mohammad Farhan Supriadiputra |
Date Deposited: | 15 Jul 2024 01:36 |
Last Modified: | 15 Jul 2024 01:36 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108292 |
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