Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

Lisandi, Nabiilah Auralyaa and Luciano, Trinetta Ayumi (2024) Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biofuels atau Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBN), dianggap sebagai alternatif yang potensial untuk menggantikan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM). Dengan peningkatan produksi bioetanol dan biodiesel, Indonesia menjadi peringkat dua pada negara produsen biofuel terbesar setelah amerika. Pabrik pembuatan biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) dibangun melalui proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi metode foolproof untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar biodiesel yang meningkat setiap tahunnya dengan kapasitas 270.000 ton/tahun. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pabrik biodiesel adalah PFAD yang merupakan produk samping dari pemurnian CPO. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan dibangun di Provinsi Sumatera Utara di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Sei Mangkei, hal ini telah dipertimbangkan melalui beberapa aspek yaitu ketersediaan bahan baku dan wilayah pemasaran. Proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi akan dilakukan pada suhu 60 oC pada tekanan 1 atm dengan tingkat konversi 98% dan 99%. Dalam pembuatan biodiesel ini, H2SO4 digunakan sebagai katalis asam dalam proses esterifikasi yang merupakan asam kuat sehingga mampu untuk membantu meningkatkan laju reaksi pada proses esterifikasi. Sedangkan, NaOH digunakan sebagai katalis basa dalam proses transesterifikasi yang merupakan basa kuat untuk mengonversi trigliserida menjadi metil ester. Selain biodiesel, dalam proses ini terdapat produk samping yang dapat dihasilkan yaitu Gliserol yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi. Dari analisis perhitungan ekonomi, didapatkan modal CAPEX sebesar Rp905.496.880.571, OPEX sebesar Rp41.563.513.988/tahun. NPV yang didapatkan bernilai positif dengan nilai sebesar Rp2.381.564.919.242. Dari perhitungan tersebut, didapatkan IRR sebesar 25,16%, dengan POT selama 7,2 tahun. Sedangkan, BEP (Break Even Point) yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 35,35% Dengan hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa pabrik biodiesel dengan kapasitas 270.000 ton/tahun secara teknis layak untuk didirikan.
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Biofuels are considered a potential alternative to replace fuel oil. With the increase in bioethanol and biodiesel production, Indonesia has become the second largest biofuel producer after the United States. The biodiesel manufacturing plant from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is built through esterification and transesterification process of foolproof method to meet the needs of biodiesel market which increases every year with a capacity of 270,000 tons/year. The raw material used in the manufacture of biodiesel plant is PFAD which is a by-product of CPO refining. This plant is planned to be built in North Sumatra Province in Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone, this has been considered through several aspects including the availability of raw materials and marketing areas. The esterification and transesterification processes will be carried out at a temperature of 60 oC at a pressure of 1 atm with a conversion rate of 98% and 99%. In this biodiesel production, H2SO4 is used as an acid catalyst in the esterification process which is a strong acid that is able to help increase the reaction rate in the esterification process. Meanwhile, NaOH is used as a base catalyst in the transesterification process which is a strong base to convert triglycerides into methyl esters. In addition to biodiesel, in this process there is a by-product that can be produced, namely Glycerol produced from the transesterification process. From the economic calculation analysis, CAPEX capital of Rp905,496,880,571 was obtained, OPEX of Rp41,563,513,988/ year. The NPV obtained is positive with a value of Rp2,381,564,919,242. From these calculations, an IRR of 25.16% was obtained, with a POT of 7.2 years. Meanwhile, the BEP (Break Even Point) obtained is 35.35%. With the results of the analysis carried out, it is concluded that the biodiesel plant with a capacity of 270,000 tons / year is technically feasible to establish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Esterifikasi, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), Transesterifikasi, Esterification, Transesterification
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nabiilah Auralyaa Lisandi
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2024 01:54
Last Modified:	26 Jul 2024 01:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/108954

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