Desain Pabrik Fenol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Kapasitas 20.000 Ton/Tahun

Merdikaningrum, Gustiana and Bhuwana, I Gusti Bagus Surya (2024) Desain Pabrik Fenol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Kapasitas 20.000 Ton/Tahun. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fenol menjadi salah satu bahan kimia yang cukup penting dalam industri kimia. Fenol banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku plastik fenolik, resin epoksi, deterjen, dan obat-obatan. Dengan bertambahnya populasi, kebutuhan akan berbagai produk industri pastinya akan meningkat. Secara tidak langsung, hal ini akan mengakibatkan permintaan fenol yang semakin meningkat. Untuk memproduksi fenol, umumnya digunakan bahan baku berupa klorobenzena atau kumena yang disintesis minyak bumi. Di sisi lain, terdapat kendala terhadap minyak bumi seperti Cadangan yang semakin menipis, serta tingginya emisi yang dihasilkan. Oleh Karena itu digunakan bahan baku lain seperti lignin dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Untuk memproduksi fenol dari TKKS diperlukan beberapa proses seperti pencacahan, organosolv, filtrasi, sentrifugasi, pengeringan, pirolisis, kondensasi, pendinginan, ekstraksi, dan distilasi. Untuk memproduksi fenol sebanyak 20.000 ton, diperlukan operating expenses (OPEX) sebesar $180.407.322,63 dengan capital expenditures (CAPEX) sebesar $159.223.073, total penjualan sebesar $519.042.216. Sumber dana investasi berasal dari modal sendiri sebesar 60% dan modal pinjaman sebesar 40%. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) pabrik ini sebesar 62,50% dengan bunga sebesar 10% per tahun. Sedangkan untuk Net Present Value (NPV) yang bernilai positif.
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Phenol is one of the most important chemicals in the chemical industry. It is used as a raw material for phenolic plastics, epoxy resins, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. As the population grows, the demand for various industrial products will inevitably increase. This will indirectly lead to an increasing demand for phenol. Phenol is generally produced from a raw material of chlorobenzene or cumene, which is synthesized from petroleum. On the other hand, there are constraints on petroleum, such as its increasingly depleted reserves and the high emissions it produces. Therefore, other raw materials such as lignin from empty palm fruit bunches (TKKS) are used. To produce phenol from TKKS, several processes are required, such as chopping, organosolv, filtration, centrifugation, drying, pyrolysis, condensation, cooling, extraction, and distillation. To produce 20,000 tons of phenol, operating expenses (OPEX) of $180.407.322,63 are required with capital expenditures (CAPEX) of $159.223.073, and total sales of $519.042.216. The investment funding source comes from equity of 60% and loan capital of 40%. Based on economic analysis, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of this factory is 62,50% with an interest rate of 10% per year. The Net Present Value (NPV) is also positive.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Fenol, Organosolv, Pirolisis, Phenol, Pyrolysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP669 Oils, fats, and waxes
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	I Gusti Bagus Surya Bhuwana
Date Deposited:	26 Jul 2024 04:01
Last Modified:	26 Jul 2024 04:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109003

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