Pratama, Nandito Maulana (2024) Evaluasi Kinerja IPAL Tambak Udang Intensif di Kecamatan Mendo Barat Kabupaten Bangka. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
PT X merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang membudidayakan udang vaname secara intensif yang berlokasi di Desa Penagan, Kecamatan Mendo Barat, Kabupaten Bangka, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. PT X memiliki Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) sebagai upaya untuk meminimalisir timbulnya pencemaran air dari aktivitas budidaya. Unit pengolahan yang digunakan pada IPAL tambak udang ini terdiri dari kolam sedimentasi, kolam aerasi, kolam biofilter. Air limbah tersebut dibuang ke laut sebagai badan air penerima. Akan tetapi, perusahaan ini mengalami persoalan munculnya bau tidak sedap di area IPAL dan kurang optimalnya pemantauan berkala kualitas air limbah efluen yang dibuang ke badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) pada tambak udang intensif di PT X. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis kinerja IPAL yang ada dalam menangani limbah tambak udang yang ditinjau secara teknis maupun non teknis. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan untuk melihat kondisi IPAL eksisting. Dilakukan pengukuran dimensi unit-unit IPAL, debit aliran masing-masing saluran influen dan efluen IPAL, dan juga uji kualitas air limbah. Parameter utama yang diujikan yaitu chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), amonia, nitrat, fosfat, total suspended solid (TSS) dan total dissolved solid (TDS). Dilakukan juga pengukuran parameter tambahan seperti suhu, pH, dan dissolved oxygen (DO). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung waktu detensi, beban hidrolik (HLR), dan beban organik (OLR) serta membandingkan kinerja IPAL melalui penyisihan DO pada hasil analisis dan hasil perhitungan secara teori. Perbandingan tersebut menjadi acuan apakah IPAL telah memiliki kinerja baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam mengolah air limbah pada parameter TSS sebesar 38%, BOD5 22%, COD 21%, Amonia 7%, Nitrat 25%, dan Fosfat 70%. Akan tetapi, parameter TDS mengalami peningkatan konsentrasi sebesar 6%. Kualitas air limbah tambak udang tidak memenuhi baku mutu air limbah untuk parameter BOD5, COD, DO, dan TDS. Waktu detensi, beban hidrolik (HLR), dan beban organik (OLR) berturut-turut pada kolam sedimentasi adalah 0,07 hari, 13,19 m3/m2.hari, dan 209,03 mg BOD5/m3.hari; kolam aerasi adalah 0,107 hari, 8,93 m3/m2.hari, dan 9,30 mg BOD5/m3.hari; kolam biofilter adalah 0,103 hari, 9,76 m3/m2.hari, dan 9,68 mg BOD5/m3.hari. Sebagai rekomendasi revitalisasi, disarankan untuk menambah kapasitas kolam biofilter sebesar 837,41 m3 dan menambah media filter sebesar 1126,9 m3 guna meningkatkan efisiensi biofiltrasi air limbah. Selain itu, disarankan untuk mendesain kolam ekualisasi sebesar 11.444 m3 untuk mencegah shock loading serta meningkatkan turbulensi aliran dengan mendesain cascde aerator yang dilengkapi dengan pompa submersible.
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PT X is a company engaged in intensive vannamei shrimp farming, located in Penagan Village, Mendo Barat Subdistrict, Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. PT X has a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) to minimize water pollution from its farming activities. The treatment units in this shrimp farm WWTP include sedimentation ponds, aeration ponds, and biofilter ponds. The treated wastewater is discharged into the sea as the receiving water body. However, the company faces issues such as unpleasant odors around the WWTP area and suboptimal periodic monitoring of the effluent water quality discharged into the water body. This research aims to evaluate the performance of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at PT X's intensive shrimp farm. The study focuses on analyzing the technical and non-technical performance of the existing WWTP in handling shrimp farm waste. Primary data collection was conducted through field observations to assess the condition of the existing WWTP. Measurements were taken of the dimensions of the WWTP units, the flow rate of each influent and effluent channel, and wastewater quality tests were performed. The main parameters tested were chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS). Additional parameters such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were also measured. Data analysis involved calculating detention time, hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and organic loading rate (OLR) and comparing WWTP performance through the removal of DO based on analysis results and theoretical calculations. This comparison served as a benchmark to determine whether the WWTP was performing well. The research results showed that the treatment of wastewater achieved removal rates for TSS of 38%, BOD5 of 22%, COD of 21%, ammonia of 7%, nitrate of 25%, and phosphate of 70%. However, the TDS parameter showed a 6% increase in concentration. The quality of the shrimp farm wastewater did not meet the effluent quality standards for BOD5, COD, DO, and TDS parameters. The detention time, hydraulic loading rate (HLR), and organic loading rate (OLR) for the sedimentation pond were 0.07 days, 13.19 m3/m2.day, and 209.03 mg BOD5/m3.day respectively; for the aeration pond, they were 0.107 days, 8.93 m3/m2.day, and 9.30 mg BOD5/m3.day respectively; and for the biofilter pond, they were 0.103 days, 9.76 m3/m2.day, and 9.68 mg BOD5/m3.day respectively. As a recommendation for revitalization, it is recommended to increase the capacity of the biofilter pond by 837.41 m3 and add filter media by 1126.9 m3 to increase the efficiency of wastewater biofiltration. In addition, it is recommended to design an equalization pool of 11,444 m3 to prevent shock loading and increase flow turbulence by designing a cascade aerator equipped with a submersible pump.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Aeration, Biofilter, Bioindicator, Effectiveness, Sedimentation, Wastewater, Aerasi, Air Limbah, Bioindikator, Efektivitas, Sedimentasi |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nandito Maulana Pratama |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2024 06:22 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2024 06:22 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109237 |
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