Anggraini, Adita Ayu (2024) Studi Penyisihan Multi-Ion pada Air Payau Menggunakan Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kebutuhan air meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan penduduk sehingga ketersediaan air tawar sebagai air baku lama-kelamaan tidak mencukupi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air. Pemanfaatan air payau sebagai air baku mulai dibutuhkan karena kuantitasnya yang besar. Untuk dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat, air payau perlu melewati proses desalinasi untuk menghilangkan ion garam. Salah satu teknologi desalinasi yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan adalah Capacitive Deionization (CDI) karena kebutuhan energinya yang rendah. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan efisiensi proses desalinasi adalah dengan menambahkan membran atau disebut Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI). Pada penerapannya, air payau permukaan mengandung pencemar lain, seperti nutrien dan senyawa organik, sehingga perlu dilakukan studi terkait pengaruh kandungan nutrien dan senyawa organik dalam air terhadap kinerja MCDI dalam penyisihan multi ion. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan sampel air yang digunakan adalah sampel buatan, yang terdiri dari larutan NaCl dengan penambahan NH4Cl, NaH2PO4, dan humic acid. NH4Cl dan NaH2PO4 ditambahkan dengan 3 (tiga) variasi konsentrasi yaitu masing-masing 9 mg/L dan 2 mg/L; 12 mg/L dan 4 mg/L; serta 15 mg/L dan 6 mg/L. Penambahan humic acid sebagai senyawa organik dalam larutan yang akan ditambahkan dengan 3 (tiga) variasi dengan penentuan berdasarkan hasil penelitian pendahuluan. Jenis elektroda yang digunakan pada penelitian ini beruupa graphite sheet dan activated carbon coated-graphite sheet. Sebelum dilakukan penelitian utama, dilakukan penelitian pendahuluan terlebih dahulu untuk menentukan konsentrasi penambahan humic acid, menentukan debit aliran air pada reaktor, lama waktu running, serta tegangan optimal pada operasi MCDI. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa elektroda graphite sheet memiliki kapasitas 2,39 mg/g, sementara elektroda activated carbon coated-graphite sheet sebesar 9,15 mg/g. Laju elektrosorpsi tertinggi elektroda activated carbon coated-graphite sheet sebesar 0,0122 mg/g/s pada salinitas 700 mg/L dan 0,0039 mg/g/s pada salinitas 100 mg/L. Kandungan senyawa organik pada air dapat menurunkan kinerja MCDI dalam penyisihan ion. Setelah 45 menit operasional, MCDI dengan elektroda Graphite Sheet tanpa humic acid mampu menyerap TDS sebesar 2,39 mg/g, dengan penambahan humic acid 250 mg/L sebesar 1,54 mg/g, dan dengan penambahan humic acid 750 mg/L sebesar 1,17 mg/g, sementara elektroda Activated Carbon coated-Graphite Sheet tanpa humic acid mampu menyerap TDS sebesar 9,15 mg/g, dengan penambahan humic acid 250 mg/L sebesar 3,12 mg/g, dan dengan penambahan humic acid 750 mg/L sebesar 2,86 mg/g.
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Water demand increases along with population growth so that the availability of freshwater as raw water is gradually insufficient to meet water needs. The utilization of seawater and brackish water as raw water is starting to be needed because of its large quantity. To be used by the community, seawater and brackish water need to go through a desalination process to remove salt ions. One of the desalination technologies currently being developed is Capacitive Deionization (CDI) because of its low energy requirements. One method to improve the efficiency of the desalination process is by adding a membrane, referred to as Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI). In practice, surface brackish water contains other contaminants, such as nutrients and organics, thus necessitating studies on the impact of nutrient and organic content in water on the performance of MCDI in multi-ion removal. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using synthetic samples, consisting of NaCl solution with the addition of NH4Cl, NaH2PO4, and humic acid. NH4Cl and NaH2PO4 were added in three different concentration variations: 9 mg/L and 2 mg/L; 12 mg/L and 4 mg/L; and 15 mg/L and 6 mg/L, respectively. Humic acid as the organic material in the solution was added in three variations based on preliminary research results. The types of electrodes used in this study were graphite sheets and activated carbon coated-graphite sheets. Before conducting the main study, preliminary research was carried out to determine the concentration of humic acid addition, the flow rate in the reactor, the running time, and the optimal voltage for MCDI operation. The results showed that the graphite sheet electrode had a capacity of 2.39 mg/g, while the activated carbon coated-graphite sheet electrode had a capacity of 9.15 mg/g. The highest electrosorption rate for the activated carbon coated-graphite sheet electrode was 0.0122 mg/g/s at a salinity of 700 mg/L and 0.0039 mg/g/s at a salinity of 100 mg/L. The presence of organic matter in the water can decrease the performance of MCDI in ion removal. After 45 minutes of operation, MCDI using Graphite Sheet electrodes without humic acid was able to absorb TDS of 2.39 mg/g, with 250 mg/L humic acid can absorb 1.54 mg/g, and with 750 mg/L humic acid can absorb 1.17 mg/g, while using Activated Carbon coated-Graphite Sheet electrode without humic acid was able to absorb TDS of 9.15 mg/g, with 250 mg/L humic acid can absorb 3.12 mg/g, and with 750 mg/L humic acid can absorb 2.86 mg/g.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Desalinasi, Elektrosorpsi, Membrane Capacitive Deionization, Nutrien, Senyawa Organik, Desalination, Electrosorption, Membrane Capacitive Deionization, Nutrient, Organik Matter. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD479.3 Saline water conversion T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.M4 Membranes (Technology) T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M45 Membrane reactors T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M46 Membrane separation |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Adita Ayu Anggraini |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2024 03:20 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Aug 2024 06:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109291 |
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