Salsabila, Lutfia (2024) Penurunan Kadar Pencemar pada Air Limbah Industri Batik dengan Dissolved Air Flotation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pembuatan batik menggunakan bahan kimia berpeluang meningkatkan kadar padatan seperti TSS serta pencemar organik seperti COD dan minyak lemak. Tingginya zat organik dapat menyebabkan dekomposisi air limbah yang membentuk produk sampingan berupa amonia. Saat ini masih banyak industri batik yang belum melakukan pengolahan air limbah karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterbatasan lahan. Sehingga dibutuhkan teknologi pengolahan air limbah yang mudah untuk dioperasikan dan tidak membutuhkan lahan yang besar. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) merupakan unit pengolahan dengan teknik pemisahan secara flotasi untuk menurunkan konsentrasi partikel pencemar. Kelebihan dari penggunaan DAF adalah efisiensi penyisihan yang tinggi, waktu detensi yang pendek sehingga kebutuhan lahannya kecil, mudah dioperasikan, dan biaya pengoperasiannya rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu detensi dan tekanan udara dalam sistem DAF terhadap efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, dan amonia total serta untuk menentukan rasio udara per solid (A/S) yang optimum untuk pengolahan air limbah industri batik menggunakan DAF. Penelitian ini menggunakan bench scale reaktor DAF – full flow pressure tanpa resirkulasi dengan sistem batch dan volume pengolahan 5 L. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah variasi tekanan udara (2 atm, 3 atm, dan 4 atm) dan variasi waktu detensi (10 menit, 20 menit, dan 30 menit). Air limbah yang digunakan diambil dari bak penampungan industri batik X di Jemur Wonosari, Kota Surabaya. Parameter yang diuji dengan analisis laboratorium adalah TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, amonia total, nitrat, dan pH. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua bulan. Konsentrasi air limbah yang dihasilkan oleh industri batik X pada parameter TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, dan amonia total sebesar 1.340 mg/L, 9.520 mg/L, 1.510 mg/L, dan 144,58 mg/L. Didapatkan nilai efisiensi penyisihan untuk parameter TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, dan amonia total dengan variasi yang sudah ditentukan adalah sebesar 39,15 – 82,83%, 42,29 - 84,06%, 17,02% - 83,23%, dan 23,06% - 44,11%. Perhitungan rasio A/S optimum dengan metode RSM secara CCD menggunakan faktor tekanan udara (2 atm, 3 atm, dan 4 atm) dan waktu detensi (10 menit, 20 menit, dan 30 menit) serta respons berupa efisiensi penyisihan TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, dan amonia total. Nilai tekanan udara dan waktu detensi optimum yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 4,5 atm dan 27 menit, dengan nilai rasio A/S optimum sebesar 0,050. Efisiensi penyisihan TSS, COD, minyak dan lemak, dan amonia total yang dicapai pada kondisi optimum adalah sebesar 89,29%, 92,22%, 89,40%, dan 54,96%.
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Batik manufacturing using chemicals has the opportunity to increase the level of solids such as TSS and organic matter such as COD and oils and fats. High levels of organic matter can cause the decomposition of wastewater which forms a highly toxic byproduct in the form of ammonia. Currently, there are still many batik industries that have not carried out wastewater treatment due to lack of knowledge and limited land. So it requires wastewater treatment technology that is easy to operate and does not require a large amount of land. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) is a treatment unit with flotation separation techniques to reduce the concentration of pollutant particles. The advantages of using DAF are high allowance efficiency, short detention time so it requires a small amount of land, easy to operate, and low operating costs. This study aims to examine the effect of detention time and air pressure in the DAF system on the efficiency of reducing the concentration of TSS, COD, oil and fat, and total ammonia and to determine the optimal air-to-solid (A/S) ratio for wastewater treatment of batik industry using DAF. This study used a bench scale DAF reactor – full flow pressure without recirculation with a batch system and a processing volume of 5 Liters. The variations carried out were pressure variations (2 atm, 3 atm, and 4 atm) and detention time variations (10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). The wastewater used is taken from the reservoir of the X batik industry in Jemur Wonosari, Surabaya City. The parameters tested by laboratory analysis are TSS, COD, oils and fats, total ammonia, nitrates, and pH. The implementation of the research was carried out for two months. The concentration of wastewater produced by the X batik industry on the parameters of TSS, COD, oil and fat, and total ammonia was 1.340 mg/L, 9.520 mg/L, 1.510 mg/L, and 144,58 mg/L. The allowance efficiency values for the parameters of TSS, COD, oil and fat, and total ammonia with the specified variation were 39,15 – 82,83%, 42,29 – 84,06%, 17,02% - 83,23%, and 23,06% - 44,11%, sequentially. The calculation of the optimum air to solid ratio using the RSM method using CCD with air pressure factors (2 atm, 3 atm, and 4 atm) and detention time (10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes) as well as responses in the form of TSS, COD, oil and fat, and total ammonia allowance efficiency. The optimum air pressure and detention time values obtained were 4,5 atm and 27 minutes, with an optimum air to solid ratio value of 0,050. The total TSS, COD, oil and fat, and ammonia allowance efficiency achieved under optimal conditions was 89,29%, 92,22%, 89,40%, and 54,96%, sequentially.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | air limbah batik, dissolved air flotation, metode respons permukaan, rasio a/s a/s ratio, batik wastewater, dissolved air flotation, response surface methodology |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Lutfia Salsabila |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2024 01:55 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2024 01:55 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109382 |
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