Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah di Apartemen

Kurniawati, Yuzzaini Dwi (2024) Strategi Pengelolaan Air Limbah di Apartemen. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) merupakan komponen penting dalam menjaga kualitas lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat, terutama di kawasan dengan kepadatan penduduk tinggi dan meningkatnya pembangunan hunian vertikal seperti Jakarta Timur, yang memiliki populasi terbanyak di Jakarta berdasarkan data BPS 2023. Apartemen merupakan hunian yang menghasilkan air limbah setiap hari yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Berdasarkan kondisi eksisting di lapangan, didapati masih adanya apartemen yang belum mengelola IPAL dengan baik seperti tidak beroperasinya IPAL secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menggambarkan pengelolaan air limbah di apartemen, dengan menganalisis faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang meliputi aspek teknis, finansial, dan peran serta penghuni. Tujuan utamanya adalah merumuskan strategi yang efektif untuk pengelolaan air limbah, sehingga air yang dibuang ke badan air memenuhi standar mutu yang ditetapkan oleh Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No. 68 Tahun 2016.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada personel yang bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan air limbah di apartemen dengan kategori low rise, medium rise, dan high rise yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling, serta melalui random sampling untuk penghuni apartemen. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif, dengan memperhatikan aspek teknis seperti kapasitas, standar kualitas, dan efisiensi penyisihan di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL), serta aspek finansial yang meliputi perhitungan biaya operasional pengelolaan IPAL. Selain itu, partisipasi penghuni apartemen dievaluasi untuk menentukan strategi pengelolaan yang optimal menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit air limbah di lokasi studi masih sesuai dengan kapasitas IPAL, namun IPAL di apartemen 2 dan 3 memerlukan peningkatan efisiensi melalui perbaikan bak sedimentasi dengan penambahan bak pengendap awal pada apartemen 1 dan apartemen 3 perlu pebaikan pada blower, penambahan bak pengendap awal dan grit chamber. Modal investasi untuk pengelolaan air limbah dapat dikembalikan dalam 5-8 tahun, dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah unit yang terhuni, semakin tinggi nilai NPV dan IRR. Biaya operasional bervariasi berdasarkan kapasitas dan teknologi IPAL yang dimiliki masing-masing apartemen. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam pengelolaan IPAL di apartemen, seperti kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan penghuni serta pengelola, keterbatasan data teknis dan SOP, serta kendala finansial. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, maka disusun strategi komprehensif meliputi: Strategi yang dapat diterapkan untuk memastikan pengelolaan air limbah di apartemen berjalan secara berkelanjutan antara lain: 1) Menjadwalkan pelatihan rutin bagi pengelola dan operator IPAL untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, serta menyusun jadwal pemeliharaan rutin dan inspeksi berkala untuk mencegah kerusakan dan memastikan operasional IPAL berjalan optimal, (2) Mengalokasikan anggaran tahunan untuk memastikan alokasi dana yang memadai bagi operasional dan perbaikan IPAL, (3) Mengintensifkan sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada penghuni apartemen mengenai pentingnya pengelolaan air limbah melalui media online dan offline.
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Management of Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) is an important component in maintaining environmental quality and public health, especially in areas with high population density and increasing vertical residential development such as East Jakarta, which has the largest population in Jakarta based on BPS 2023 data. Produces waste water every day which has the potential to pollute the environment if not managed properly. Based on existing conditions in the field, it was found that there were still apartments that had not managed the WWTP properly, such as the WWTP not operating optimally. This research aims to understand and describe wastewater management in apartments, by analyzing internal and external factors which include technical, financial aspects and the role of residents. The main objective is to formulate an effective strategy for wastewater management, so that the water discharged into water bodies meets the quality standards set by the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 68 of 2016.
The research method used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data was collected through questionnaires addressed to personnel responsible for wastewater management in apartments in the low rise, medium rise and high rise categories selected through purposive sampling, as well as through random sampling for apartment residents. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, both qualitatively and quantitatively, taking into account technical aspects such as capacity, quality standards and removal efficiency at the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP), as well as financial aspects which included calculating operational costs for managing the WWTP. In addition, the participation of apartment residents is evaluated to determine optimal management strategies using SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats).
The results of the research show that the wastewater discharge at the study location is still in accordance with the capacity of the WWTP, however the WWTP in apartments 2 and 3 requires increased efficiency by repairing the sedimentation tank with the addition of an initial settling tank in apartment 1 and apartment 3 which requires improvements to the blower, adding an initial settling tank. and grit chamber. Investment capital for waste water management can be returned in 5-8 years, with the greater the number of occupied units, the higher the NPV and IRR values. Operational costs vary based on the capacity and technology of the WWTP owned by each apartment. This research also identified challenges in managing WWTP in apartments, such as lack of awareness and knowledge of residents and managers, limited technical data and SOPs, as well as financial constraints. Efforts have been made to overcome this challenge, a comprehensive strategy has been developed including: (1) Scheduling routine training for managers apartment and WWTP operators to increase knowledge and skills, as well as preparing routine maintenance schedules and periodic inspections to prevent damage and ensure optimal operations, (2 ) Allocate an annual budget to ensure adequate funding allocation for operations and repairs of the WWTP, (3) Intensify outreach and education to residents regarding the importance of waste water management through online and offline media.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Apartemen, Pengelolaan Air Limbah, Strategi, SWOT, Apartments, Strategy, SWOT, Wastewater Management
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD646 Sewage--Purification
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Yuzzaini Dwi Kurniawati
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2024 04:09
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2024 04:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109501

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