Zahidah, Nadiyah Salsabil and Sari, Citra Yulia (2024) Desain Pabrik Asam Sulfat Dengan Pemanfaatan Flue Gas SO2 Melalui Proses Double Kontak. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sektor industri memiliki kontribusi besar dalam tingginya emisi gas berbahaya ke atmosfer. Gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) merupakan salah satu limbah gas hasil industri yang berbahaya jika diemisikan langsung ke atmosfer karena dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia jika terhirup dan dapat menimbulkan terjadinya hujan asam. Asam sulfat (H2SO4) merupakan salah satu produk yang dapat dibuat dengan bahan baku gas SO2. Asam sulfat merupakan produk yang memiliki jangkauan pasar luas karena sebagian besar industri kimia memerlukan asam sulfat sebagai bahan baku utama maupun pendukung. Industri smelting menghasilkan limbah gas SO2 dengan jumlah yang sangat melimpah. Oleh karena itu, pendirian pabrik asam sulfat (H2SO4) dari flue gas pabrik smelter akan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan asam sulfat dalam negeri, mengurangi polusi yang diakibatkan oleh gas SO2, serta dapat meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja sehingga dapat mengurangi tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia. Pembuatan asam sulfat akan dilakukan dengan metode double contact. Metode ini dipilih karena efektif untuk menghasilkan asam sulfat dengan konsentrasi tinggi serta prosesnya sederhana. Produk asam sulfat yang akan dibuat memiliki konsentrasi 98,5 %. Sebelum masuk ke proses utama, flue gas akan mengalami serangkaian proses pre-treatment seperti proses quenching-scrubbing dan fluorine removal. Gas yang telah mengalami proses pre-treatment akan memasuki proses double contact untuk memproduksi H2SO4 98,5%. Pabrik yang akan dibuat didesain dengan kapasitas 275.000 ton/ tahun. Dengan mempertimbangkan jarak lokasi dengan bahan baku, lokasi pemasaran, aspek utilitas, tenaga kerja, aksesabilitas, fasilitas transportasi, iklim, dan topografi, pendirian pabrik H2SO4 akan dilakukan di wilayah Gresik khususnya Desa Manyar Sido Rukun. Dari studi evaluasi ekonomi pabrik ini, disimpulkan bahwa didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp 575.214.871.032,27; biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp 328.162.766.818,97. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi terhadap pabrik ini menunjukkan laju pengembalian modal (IRR) didapatkan sebesar 15,21% dengan bunga pinjaman 8,05% per tahun dan WACC 8,8%. Waktu pengembalian modal (POT) adalah 4,78 tahun dengan umur pabrik 15 tahun dan BEP sebesar 30,06%. NPV didaptkan bernilai positif sebesar Rp 294.463.100.130,34, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik layak didirikan.
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The industrial sector makes a significant contribution to the high emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is one of the hazardous industrial gas wastes if emitted directly into the atmosphere, as it can disrupt human health when inhaled and cause acid rain. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a product that can be made from SO2 gas. Sulfuric acid is a product with a broad market range because most chemical industries require sulfuric acid as a primary or supporting raw material. The smelting industry produces a large amount of SO2 gas waste. Therefore, the establishment of a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) plant from smelter flue gas can meet the domestic demand for sulfuric acid, reduce pollution caused by SO2 gas, and increase employment, thus reducing the unemployment rate in Indonesia. The production of sulfuric acid will be carried out using the double contact method. This method is chosen because it is effective in producing high-concentration sulfuric acid and has a simple process. The sulfuric acid product to be produced will have a concentration of 98.5%. Before entering the main process, the flue gas will undergo a series of pre-treatment processes such as quenching-scrubbing and fluorine removal. The gas that has undergone pre-treatment will enter the double contact process to produce 98.5% H2SO4. The plant to be built is designed with a capacity of 275,000 tons per year. Considering the distance of the location to the raw materials, marketing location, utility aspects, labor, accessibility, transportation facilities, climate, and topography, the H2SO4 plant will be established in the Gresik area, specifically in Manyar Sido Rukun Village. From the economic evaluation study of this plant, it is concluded that the capital expenditure (CAPEX) is estimated at Rp 575.214.871.032,27; operational expenditure (OPEX) is Rp 328.162.766.818,97. Based on the economic analysis of this plant, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 15.21% with a loan interest rate of 8.05% per year and WACC of 8.8%. The payback period (POT) is 4.78 years with a plant lifespan of 15 years and a BEP of 30.06%. The NPV is positive at Rp 294.463.100.130,34, so it can be concluded that the plant is feasible to establish.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asam sulfat, SO2, Flue gas, Double contact, Absorpsi, Sulphuric Acid, SO2, Flue gas, Double Contact, Absorption |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Nadiyah Salsabil Zahidah |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2024 05:51 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2024 05:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/109997 |
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