Martin, Gerardo and Nau, Steven Edvardomaris (2024) Desain Pabrik Bioetanol Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
Text
5008201015_5008201187-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2026. Download (3MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Setiap tahun, kebutuhan energi yang meningkat mendorong banyak penelitian untuk
mencari alternatif bahan bakar fosil. Salah satunya adalah bioetanol, yang diharapkan dapat
menjadi pengganti bensin. Saat ini, bioetanol digunakan sebagai campuran dalam bensin
untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya. Hadirnya oksigen dalam bioetanol meningkatkan efisiensi
dan mengurangi emisi yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia, seperti partikulat dan gas
nitrogen oksida. Bioetanol dapat diproduksi menggunakan bahan baku biomassa, seperti
bagasse tebu.
Proses produksi bioetanol telah berkembang dari generasi pertama hingga keempat.
Generasi pertama menggunakan bahan pangan, generasi kedua menggunakan bahan nonpangan yang dianggap menguntungkan secara ekonomi dan teknis karena memanfaatkan
limbah agrikultur, generasi ketiga menggunakan mikro atau makro alga, sedangkan generasi
keempat menggunakan organisme termodifikasi. TKKS masuk dalam generasi kedua
sehingga produksi bioetanol dari TKKS tidak hanya mengurangi limbah tetapi juga
menghasilkan produk yang memiliki nilai jual lebih tinggi.
Pabrik bioetanol dari TKKS ini bertujuan untuk mendukung program pemerintah
dalam transisi energi ke green energy. Dengan kapasitas produksi 5.000.000 L/tahun selama
330 hari operasi, pabrik direncanakan akan dibangun di Kawasan Industri Dumai, Riau,
Sumatera. Lokasi ini dipilih untuk meminimalkan biaya transportasi bahan baku karena
berada di satu pulau.
Proses produksi bioetanol dari TKKS melibatkan tiga proses utama: pre-treatment,
fermentasi (sebagai proses utama), dan purifikasi. Proses pre-treatment bertujuan untuk
mereduksi ukuran TKKS, menghilangkan kotoran, dan mendegradasi lignin menggunakan
larutan natrium hidroksida encer. Proses fermentasi menggunakan teknologi Simultaneous
Saccharification Co-Fermentation (SSCF) di mana hemiselulosa dan selulosa pada TKKS
dikonversi menjadi etanol dengan bantuan mikroba seperti Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan
Scheffersomyces stipitis. Proses purifikasi melalui distilasi dan dehidrasi bertujuan untuk
memisahkan etanol dari impuritasnya.
Tinjauan ekonomi rancangan pabrik ini didasarkan pada dua sumber dana, yaitu
investasi modal sendiri sebesar 60% dan biaya modal pinjaman bank sebesar 40%. Hasil
analisa ekonomi mendapatkan nilai-nilai sebagai berikut:
• Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) : Rp133.995.418.843
• Operational Ecpenditure (OPEX) : Rp45.759.391.627
• Net Present Value (NPV) : Rp155.179.870.172
• Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 19,62%
• Pay Out Time (POT) : 5,23 tahun
• Break Even Point (BEP) : 52,52%
Berdasarkan hasil analisa ekonomi, nilai-nilai %IRR, BEP, dan POT menunjukkan bahwa
Pabrik Bioetanol dari TKKS ini layak didirikan.
============================================================
Every year, the increasing energy demand drives numerous research to find
alternative to fossil fuels. One of the findings is bioethanol, which is expected to be a
substitute to gasoline. Currently, bioethanol is used as a blend in gasoline to enhance its
quality. The presence of oxygen in bioethanol improves efficiency and reduces harmful
emissions such as particulates and nitrogen oxides. Bioethanol can be produced using
biomass raw materials, such as sugarcane bagasse.
The bioethanol production process has evolved from the first generation to the fourth.
The first generation utilizes food crops, the second generation employs non-food crops
which are considered economically and technically advantageous as they utilize agricultural
waste, the third generation involves micro or macroalgae, while the fourth generation utilizes modified organisms. Palm tree empty bunches belongs to the second generation, so
bioethanol production from palm tree empty bunches not only reduces waste but also yields
products with higher market value.
The bioethanol plant from palm tree empty bunches aims to support the government's
energy transition program towards green energy. With a production capacity of 5,000,000
L/year over 330 operating days, the plant is planned to be built in the Dumai Industrial Area,Riau, Sumatra. This location is chosen to minimize transportation costs for raw materials as it is situated on a single island.
The bioethanol production process from sugarcane bagasse involves three main
processes: pre-treatment, fermentation (primary process), and purification. The pretreatment process aims to reduce the size of palm tree empty bunches, remove impurities,
and degrade lignin using a diluted sodium hydroxide solution. The fermentation process
utilizes Simultaneous Saccharification Co-Fermentation (SSCF) technology where
hemiselulosa and cellulose in palm tree empty bunches are converted into ethanol with the
assistance of microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces
stipitis. Purification process through distillation and dehydration aims to separate ethanol from its impurities.
The economic overview of this plant design is based on two sources of funds: 60%
from self-capital investment and 40% from bank loan capital. The economic analysis
yields the following values:
• Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) : Rp133.995.418.843
• Operational Expenditure (OPEX) : Rp45.759.391.627
• Net Present Value (NPV) : Rp155.179.870.172
• Internal Rate of Return (IRR) : 19,62 %
• Pay Out Time (POT) : 5,23 year
• Break Even Point (BEP) : 52,52%
Based on the economic analysis results, the values of %IRR (Internal Rate of Return),
BEP (Break-Even Point), and POT (Payback Period) indicate that the Bioethanol Plant from
Palm Tree Empty Bunches is economically feasible to establish
Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
---|---|
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Bioetanol, Palm Tree Empty BUnches, Bioethanol |
Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
Depositing User: | Gerardo Martin |
Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2024 05:08 |
Last Modified: | 28 Oct 2024 08:25 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110044 |
Actions (login required)
View Item |