Environmental Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous Waste from Coal Mining Industry at PT X Using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method

Zahwa, Safina Muthia (2024) Environmental Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous Waste from Coal Mining Industry at PT X Using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

The coal mining industry is recognized as a sector with a high potential risk in managing
hazardous waste. Harsh environmental conditions and the intensive use of chemicals can increase
the potential risks of accidents or leaks that may pollute the environment. Additionally, inadequate
management in the storage and handling of hazardous and toxic materials can increase the risk of
hazardous exposure to workers and the surrounding environment. To minimize the risk of failures
in the management system of hazardous waste, a risk assessment using Failure Mode and Effect
Analysis approach is essential. This proactive measure aims to identify and mitigate potential
failures in the system. The FMEA method represents an advanced risk analysis technique, blending
technological expertise with experiential knowledge. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) utilized in
the FMEA process serves to establish the ranking of each risk method and failure. The results of
this research are anticipated to serve as a foundation for PT X in implementing targeted measures
to minimize risks, improve efficiency, and promote a sustainable approach to waste management.
Based on the calculation of the Risk Priority Number (RPN) was conducted to prioritize the risks.
The highest RPN value was found in the transportation process of hazardous waste, specifically
the risk of spillage or leakage of hazardous waste containers due to potential damage to container
walls, with an RPN value of 8. In the stabilization treatment process, the highest RPN values were
associated with the potential emissions from fly ash due to the process of transferring fly ash, the
potential exposure to vapor or odor of hazardous waste from all potential causes, the potential
outbreak of fire due to reactions from mixing hazardous waste, and the potential spillage or leakage
of hazardous waste containers due to damage to container walls. Furthermore, in the fuel blending
treatment process, the highest RPN values were attributed to the potential outbreak of fire due to
the hazardous waste temperature exceeding the standard and the potential exposure to vapor or
odor of hazardous waste due to the pH of the waste being checked. Lastly, in the incineration
treatment process, the highest RPN values were associated with the potential emissions not
meeting quality standards due to incomplete combustion, the potential failure of fire suppression
due to reactions of hazardous waste mixtures, and the potential exposure to vapor and odor due to
storage container capacity being exceeded. All of which received an RPN value of 8. Therefore, it
can be concluded from the RPN results that every potential failure in hazardous waste treatment
at PT X yields values falling into the low-risk category due to effective mitigation, professional
staff, and structured technical.
========================================================================================================================Industri pertambangan batubara diakui sebagai sektor dengan potensi risiko tinggi dalam
pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3). Kondisi lingkungan yang keras dan
penggunaan bahan kimia secara intensif dapat meningkatkan risiko kecelakaan atau kebocoran
yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Selain itu, manajemen yang tidak memadai dalam
penyimpanan dan penanganan bahan berbahaya dan beracun dapat meningkatkan risiko paparan
berbahaya bagi pekerja dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Untuk meminimalkan risiko kegagalan dalam
sistem pengelolaan limbah berbahaya, penilaian risiko dengan pendekatan Failure Mode and
Effect Analysis (FMEA) sangat penting. Langkah proaktif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi
dan memitigasi kegagalan potensial dalam sistem. Metode FMEA mewakili teknik analisis risiko
menggabungkan keahlian teknologi dengan pengetahuan berbasis pengalaman. Angka Prioritas
Risiko (RPN) yang digunakan dalam proses FMEA bertujuan untuk menetapkan peringkat untuk
setiap metode dan kegagalan risiko. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi PT
X dalam menerapkan langkah-langkah yang ditargetkan untuk meminimalkan risiko,
meningkatkan efisiensi, dan mendorong pendekatan berkelanjutan dalam pengelolaan limbah.
Berdasarkan perhitungan Angka Prioritas Risiko (RPN), dilakukan untuk memprioritaskan risiko.
Nilai RPN tertinggi ditemukan pada proses transportasi limbah B3, khususnya risiko tumpahan
atau kebocoran dari kontainer limbah berbahaya akibat kerusakan pada dinding kontainer, dengan
nilai RPN 8. Pada proses perlakuan stabilisasi, nilai RPN tertinggi adalah potensi emisi dari abu
terbang karena proses pemindahan abu terbang, potensi paparan uap atau bau dari limbah B3 dari
semua penyebab potensial, potensi kebakaran akibat reaksi dari pencampuran limbah B3, dan
potensi tumpahan atau kebocoran dari kontainer limbah B3 akibat kerusakan pada dinding
kontainer. Selanjutnya, pada proses perlakuan pencampuran bahan bakar, nilai RPN tertinggi
adalah potensi kebakaran akibat suhu limbah berbahaya melebihi standar dan potensi paparan uap
atau bau dari limbah B3 karena pH limbah diperiksa. Terakhir, pada proses perlakuan insinerasi,
nilai RPN tertinggi adalah potensi emisi yang tidak memenuhi standar kualitas akibat pembakaran
tidak sempurna, kegagalan sistem pemadam kebakaran akibat reaksi dari campuran limbah B3,
dan potensi paparan uap dan bau akibat kapasitas kontainer penyimpanan yang terlampaui.
Semuanya menerima nilai RPN 8. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan dari hasil RPN bahwa setiap
potensi kegagalan dalam perlakuan limbah B3 di PT X menghasilkan nilai yang masuk ke dalam
kategori risiko rendah berkat mitigasi yang efektif, staf profesional, dan pendekatan teknis yang
terstruktur.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Coal Mining, Hazardous Waste, FMEA, Environmental Management, Pertambangan Batubara, Limbah Berbahaya, FMEA, Manajemen Lingkungan
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Safina Muthia Zahwa
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2024 10:32
Last Modified:	24 Sep 2024 06:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110187

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