Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of International Flight Solid Waste Management by Thermal Method at Garbage Plant 746, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Zani, Salsabila Putri (2024) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of International Flight Solid Waste Management by Thermal Method at Garbage Plant 746, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Meningkatnya jumlah penumpang penerbangan internasional setiap tahunnya di Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta, menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah limbah padat penerbangan internasional yang dihasilkan oleh individu dari penerbangan internasional. Pengelolaan limbah padat penerbangan internasional pada kondisi eksisting dilakukan dengan metode termal yaitu insinerator yang selanjutnya dibuang dengan cara open dumping. Dikarenakan metode termal dengan insinerator menghasilkan residu yang memerlukan lahan pembuangan untuk dibuang dan emisi yang masuk ke atmosfer, maka diperlukan penelitian mengenai metode termal yang menghasilkan residu padat dan emisi yang relatif rendah. Namun, penelitian mengenai pengolahan termal dengan insinerator di Garbage Plant 746 belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, sehingga emisi, residu padat dan dampak lingkungannya belum diketahui. Penelitian ini diawali dengan analisis komposisi sampah padat penerbangan internasional. Selain itu, jumlah sampah padat penerbangan internasional yang masuk untuk metode termal diproyeksikan menggunakan proyeksi jumlah penumpang. Analisis karakteristik sampah padat yan dilakukan yaitu analisis proksimat, perhitungan analisis ultimat, dan nilai kalor dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan sampah padat penerbangan internasional untuk diolah dengan metode termal. Analisis aspek teknis dihitung berdasarkan data karakteristik dan jumlah sampah padat penerbangan internasional yang masuk. Analisis aspek lingkungan menggunakan metode LCA dilakukan dengan memasukkan data input dan output metode termal ke dalam software SimaPro V.9.6. Analisis aspek teknis dan lingkungan menggunakan proyeksi timbulan sampah penerbangan internasional yang masuk ke Garbage Plant 746 pada tahun 2023 dan 2033 yaitu sebesar 994,26 ton/tahun dan 1.571,33 ton/tahun. Dari hasil analisis aspek teknis dapat diketahui bahwa metode termal insinerasi merupakan metode terbaik karena hanya membutuhkan lahan seluas 395 m2, 1 reaktor, dan 26 orang tenaga kerja. Sedangkan dari aspek lingkungan, metode thermal yang memberikan dampak paling kecil terhadap lingkungan adalah metode pirolisis. Dampak lingkungan dari pirolisis berdasarkan dampak normalisasi pada tahun sekarang (2023) meliputi pemanasan global (1,28E-7 kg CO2 eq), oksidasi fotokimia (-2,01E-10 kg C2H4 eq), eutrofikasi (-1,08E-9 kg PO4 eq), pengasaman (-2,57E-9 kg SO2 eq), dan toksisitas manusia (-2,97E-8 kg 1,4-DB eq). Pada tahun proyeksi (2023) meliputi pemanasan global (1,91E-7 kg CO2 eq), oksidasi fotokimia (-3,37E-10 kg C2H4 eq), eutrofikasi (-1,65E-9 kg PO4 eq), pengasaman (-3,93E-9 kg SO2 eq), dan toksisitas manusia (-4,7E-8 kg 1,4-DB eq). Setelah dilakukan analisis pembobotan dan penilaian aspek teknis dan lingkungan, maka terpilihlah metode pirolisis karena nilai aspek yang diperoleh sebesar 1,7, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metoinsinerasi yang hanya memperoleh nilai 1,65.
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Increasing the number of international flight passengers every year at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, raises the increase in the amount of international flight solid waste produced by individuals from international flights. International flight solid waste treatment under existing conditions is carried out with thermal method, the incinerator, which is then discharged into landfill by open dumping. Because the thermal method with an incinerator produces residues that require landfill for discharge and emissions that goes to the atmosphere, research was needed on the thermal methods that produce relatively low solid residues and emissions. However, thermal treatment with an incinerator at the Garbage Plant 746 had never been examined before, hence the emissions, solid residues and environmental impacts are unknown. This research began with an analysis of international flight solid waste composition. In addition, the amount of international flight solid waste incoming for thermal method was projected using population projections. The analysis of solid waste characteristics was carried out based on proximate analysis, calculation of ultimate analysis, and heat value conducted to determine the ability of international flight solid waste to be processed with thermal method. The analysis of technical aspects was calculated based on data on the characteristics and amount of international flight solid waste incoming. Analysis of environmental aspects using the LCA method was done by entering the input and output data thermal processing into the SimaPro V.9.6 software. Analysis of technical and environmental aspects using the projection of the international flight solid waste generation that entered the Garbage Plant 746 in 2023 and 2033, which amounted to 994.26 tons/year and 1,571.33 tons/year. From the results of the analysis of technical aspects, it can be seen that the thermal method of incineration was the most suitable because it only requires an area of 395 m^2, 1 reactor, and 26 workers. While from the environmental aspect, the thermal method that had the smallest impact on the environment was pyrolysis. The environmental impact of pyrolysis based on normalization impact in existing year (2023) including global warming (1.28E-7 kg CO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (-2.01E-10 kg C2H4 eq), eutrophication (-1.08E-9 kg PO4 eq), acidification (-2.57E-9 kg SO2 eq), and human toxicity (-2.97E-8 kg 1,4-DB eq). In projection year (2023) including global warming (1.91E-7 kg CO2 eq), photochemical oxidation (-3.37E-10 kg C2H4 eq), eutrophication (-1.65E-9 kg PO4 eq), acidification (-3.93E-9 kg SO2 eq), and human toxicity (-4.7E-8 kg 1,4-DB eq). After analyzed the weighting and scoring for technical and environmental aspects, pyrolysis was the chosen method because the aspect value was 1.7, which was higher compared to incineration with the value of 1.65.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Thermal Method, International Flight Solid Waste Management, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Garbage Plant 746.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Salsabila Putri Zani
Date Deposited:	05 Sep 2024 02:11
Last Modified:	05 Sep 2024 02:15
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110238

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