Pengaruh Variasi Acid Mixture dengan Gliserin terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Nitrogliserin

Kurniawan, Afan Dimas (2024) Pengaruh Variasi Acid Mixture dengan Gliserin terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Nitrogliserin. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5011201060-Undergraduate-Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 October 2026. Download (3MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Nitrogliserin (NG) merupakan salah satu bahan dasar dari propelan double base yang dihasilkan dari sintesis dengan mereaksikan asam nitrat dan gliserin dalam konsentrasi tinggi dengan asam sulfat digunakan sebagai katalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio komposisi acid mixture dengan gliserin terhadap kadar stabilitas thermal dan kalor pembakaran nitrogliserin. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan reaksi nitrasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan campuran asam sulfat dan asam nitrat dengan perbandingan komposisi (1:1) dengan variasi komposisi gliserin dengan acid mixture sebanyak (1:2), (1:4), (1:6), (1:8), dan (1:10). Selama melakukan proses nitrasi perlu diperhatikan beberapa faktor seperti temperatur dan waktu nitrasi dikarenakan nitrogliserin merupakan senyawa yang sensitif. Dilakukan beberapa pengujian untuk mengetahui apakah nitrogliserin yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar atau tidak, seperti pengujian yield, densitas, viskositas, FTIR, calometric bomb dan uji stabilitas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa densitas nitrogliserin dari semua sampel memenuhi standar murni sekitar 1,6 g/cm³, dengan densitas tertinggi pada NG-1/2 (1,639 g/cm³) dan terendah pada NG-1/10 (1,623 g/cm³). Viskositas menunjukkan penurunan linier dengan peningkatan rasio acid mixture. Viskositas tertinggi tercatat pada NG-1/2 dengan viskositas 12,49 cSt, sedangkan NG-1/10 memiliki viskositas terendah, yaitu 10,66 cSt. Pada penelitian ini analisis spektrum FTIR menunjukan keberhasilan proses nitrasi yang ditandai dengan penurunan gugus hidroksil dan munculnya gugus nitro pada nitrogliserin. Pada pengujian kadar nitrogen didapatkan kadar nitrogen yang cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 13,32 wt% pada sampel NG-1/2. Kadar nitrogen ini dapat memengaruhi properties nitrogliserin yang lain seperti yield yang semakin menurun. Stabilitas termal nitrogliserin berkorelasi dengan kadar nitrogen, dengan semua sampel memenuhi minimal 10 menit stabilitas termal. Nilai kalor pembakaran nitrogliserin berada dalam kisaran yang diharapkan (1605-1670 kkal/kg), menunjukkan kualitas pembakaran yang baik.
========================================================================================================================
Nitroglycerin (NG) is one of the basic ingredients of double base propellant produced from synthesis by reacting nitric acid and glycerin in high concentrations with sulfuric acid used as a catalyst. This study aims to determine the effect of the composition ratio of acid mixture with glycerin on the level of thermal stability and combustion heat of nitroglycerin. In this study, the nitration reaction was carried out using a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid with a composition ratio of (1:1) with variations in the composition of glycerin with acid mixture as much as (1:2), (1:4), (1:6), (1:8), and (1:10). During the nitration process, it is necessary to consider several factors such as temperature and nitration time because nitroglycerin is a sensitive compound. Several tests were carried out to determine whether the nitroglycerin produced met the standards or not, such as yield, density, viscosity, FTIR, calometric bomb and stability tests. The results showed that the nitroglycerin density of all samples met the pure standard of about 1.6 g/cm³, with the highest density in NG-1/2 (1,639 g/cm³) and the lowest in NG-1/10 (1,623 g/cm³). Viscosity showed a linear decrease with increasing acid mixture ratio. The highest viscosity was recorded in NG-1/2 with a viscosity of 12,49 cSt, while NG-1/10 had the lowest viscosity of 10,66 cSt. In this study, FTIR spectrum analysis showed the success of the nitration process characterized by a decrease in hydroxyl groups and the appearance of nitro groups in nitroglycerin. In testing the nitrogen content, it was found that the nitrogen content was quite high at 13,32 wt% in sample NG-1/2. This nitrogen content can affect other nitroglycerin properties such as decreasing yield. The thermal stability of nitroglycerin correlates with nitrogen content, with all samples meeting a minimum of 10 minutes of thermal stability. The combustion heating value of nitroglycerin was within the expected range (1605-1670 kcal/kg), indicating good combustion quality.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Acid Mixture, Gliserin, Nitrasi, Acid Mixture, Gliserin, Nitration
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Afan Dimas Kurniawan
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2024 07:50
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2024 07:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/110309

Actions (login required)

View Item