Rafi Eka, Mochamad Rafi Eka Nandana (2024) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Nilai Variasi Excess Air Terhadap Performa Boiler Berjenis Pulverized Coal Di PLTU Subcritical 600 MW PT. PLN INDONESIA POWER SURALAYA PGU UNIT 5-7. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji optimasi proses pembakaran di boiler PLTU Suralaya PGU unit
5-7 melalui pengaturan jumlah udara pembakaran (excess air) untuk jenis batubara dengan nilai
kalori berbeda. Proses pembakaran di PLTU melibatkan pembakaran batubara di ruang bakar
(furnace) yang menghasilkan energi panas untuk memanaskan air umpan di dalam pipa boiler.
Optimasi ini diperlukan karena sensor oksigen pada sisi outlet boiler sering memerlukan
kalibrasi, serta adanya perubahan jenis batubara (coal switching) dari nilai kalori 5100 Kcal/kg
ke 4400-4600 Kcal/kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode numerik dengan simulasi ANSYS
FLUENT untuk mengkaji distribusi temperatur, emisi gas buang, dan efisiensi pembakaran.
Hasil kalkulasi performansi boiler dengan metode heat loss menunjukkan bahwa pada batubara
dengan nilai kalori 4400 Kcal/kg, performansi terbaik dicapai sebesar 83,11% dengan excess
air 18%, sedangkan pada batubara dengan nilai kalori 4600 Kcal/kg, performansi terbaik
mencapai 86% dengan excess air 17%. Distribusi temperatur yang dihasilkan menunjukkan
pola pembakaran yang baik dan emisi CO serta NOx yang lebih rendah. Temuan ini
menekankan pentingnya pengaturan excess air yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efisiensi
pembakaran dan mengurangi emisi, serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis untuk operasi boiler
di PLTU Suralaya.
Kata kunci: Coal switching, Excesss Air, Optimasi Pembakaran,
Performansi Boiler,ANSYS Fluent
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This study examines the optimisation of the combustion process in the boiler of
PLTU Suralaya PGU units 5-7 through adjusting the amount of combustion air (excess air) for
coal types with different calorific values. The combustion process in PLTU involves burning
coal in the combustion chamber (furnace) which produces heat energy to heat the feed water in
the boiler pipes. This optimisation is required because the oxygen sensor on the outlet side of
the boiler often requires calibration, as well as a change in coal type (coal switching) from a
calorific value of 5100 Kcal/kg to 4400-4600 Kcal/kg. This research uses numerical methods
with ANSYS FLUENT simulation to study temperature distribution, flue gas emissions, and
combustion efficiency. The results of the boiler performance calculation with the heat loss
method show that in coal with a calorific value of 4400 Kcal/kg, the best performance is
achieved at 83.11% with excess air 18%, while in coal with a calorific value of 4600 Kcal/kg,
the best performance reaches 86% with excess air 17%. The resulting temperature distribution
shows a good combustion pattern and lower CO and NOx emissions. These findings emphasise
the importance of proper excess air settings to improve combustion efficiency and reduce
emissions, and provide practical recommendations for boiler operations at the Suralaya power
plant.
Keywords: Coal switching, Excess Air, Combustion Optimisation, Boiler Performance,
ANSYS Fluent
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