Strategi Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir di Bengawan Jero, Kabupaten Lamongan

Rahma, Alfina Nur (2024) Strategi Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Banjir di Bengawan Jero, Kabupaten Lamongan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Bengawan Jero merupakan kawasan dengan tingkat risiko bencana banjir tinggi. Banjir Bengawan Jero dalam 14 tahun terakhir terjadi secara periodik dengan durasi 4-6 bulan. Pada tahun 2009-2023 terjadi peningkatan luasan bencana banjir Bengawan Jero dari 21 desa menjadi 42 desa. Kerugian akibat bencana ini pada tahun 2023 adalah kerugian finansial sebesar 17 miliar dan 8000 ha area produktif terendam. Namun, saat ini kapasitas masyarakat di Bengawan Jero masih berada di level sedang sehingga diperlukan upaya peningkatan kapasitas untuk mewujudkan masyarakat yang tangguh terhadap bencana.
Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya perumusan strategi peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dalam upaya mitigasi, kesiapsiagaan, respon, dan pemulihan bencana. Indikator yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi kapasitas populasi rentan, pengetahuan bencana, tanggap darurat, peringatan dini, mobilisasi sumber daya, dan modal sosial. Data dalam penelitian diperoleh melalaui survei primer dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada 42 responden aparat pemerintah desa. Selanjutnya, teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah min-max rescalling, kernel density, dan regresi linier berganda. Tahap akhir penelitian dilakukan perumusan strategi peningkatan kapasitas melalui analisis triangulasi.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas masyarakat di Bengawan Jero berada pada level sedang dengan skor 0,5. Berdasarkan 42 desa terdampak banjir di Bengawan Jero menunjukkan 6 desa berada pada level kapasitas tinggi, 30 desa berada pada level kapasitas sedang, dan 6 desa berada pada level kapasitas rendah. Selain itu, melalui analisis kernel density diketahui bahwa Desa Putatbangan dan Desa Pendowolimo menjadi wilayah hotspot. Variabel yang secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat di Bengawan Jero meliputi, tingkat pendidikan, kemampuan kelompok umur rentan, aksi pengurangan risiko bencana banjir, tempat evakuasi, alat komunikasi, sumber daya terlatih, dan organisasi pemerintah dalam kebencanaan. Rumusan strategi peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat dalam pengurangan risiko bencana banjir dirumuskan berdasarkan empat tahapan manajemen risiko bencana yaitu, mitigasi, kesiapsiagaan, tanggap darurat, dan pemulihan. Pada fase mitigasi diperlukan adanya kolaborasi stakeholder (BPBD Kabupaten Lamongan, BPBD Jawa Timur, BBWS Bengawan Solo, Swasta, Akademisi, Masyarakat di kawasan sekitar Lamongan) dalam pengelolaan sungai dan wilayah sungai serta infrastruktur pengendali banjir. Selanjutnya, fase kesiapsiagaan dilakukan peningkatan kesiapsiagaan elemen masyarakat (kelompok rentan, aktivis lokal, IP3A) melalui edukasi, pelatihan, pengorganisasian, budaya komunikasi tradisional, dan peningkatan kelengkapan tempat evakuasi dalam kerangka Desa Tangguh Bencana. Fase tanggap darurat, berupa peningkatan layanan kesehatan, evakuasi, penjaminan sosial berupa bantuan kebutuhan dasar dan perekonomian, dan layanan pendidikan masa darurat dengan memperhatikan kelompok rentan dan marjinal. Fase pemulihan berupa rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi fasilitas umum dan sosial yang rusak akibat bencana.
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Bengawan Jero is an area with a high risk of flooding. Floods in Bengawan Jero have occurred periodically over the past 14 years, with a duration of 4-6 months. From 2009 to 2023, the extent of flooding in Bengawan Jero increased from 21 villages to 42 villages. In 2023, the financial losses due to this disaster amounted to 17 billion and 8,000 ha of productive land was inundated. Currently, the community capacity in Bengawan Jero is still at a moderate level, so efforts are needed to enhance capacity to build a disaster-resilient community.
This research is conducted as an effort to formulate strategies for enhancing community capacity in disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The indicators used in the study include vulnerable population capacity, disaster knowledge, emergency response, early warning, resource mobilization, and social capital. Data for the research was obtained through primary surveys using questionnaires distributed to 42 village government officials. The analysis techniques used include min-max rescaling, kernel density, and multiple linear regression. The final stage of the research involves formulating capacity enhancement strategies through triangulation analysis.
The analysis results show that the community capacity in Bengawan Jero is at a moderate level with a score of 0.5. Among the 42 flood-affected villages in Bengawan Jero, 6 villages are at a high-capacity level, 30 villages are at a moderate capacity level, and 6 villages are at a low-capacity level. Additionally, kernel density analysis reveals that Desa Putatbangan and Desa Pendowolimo are hotspot areas. Variables that significantly influence the improvement of community capacity in Bengawan Jero including education level, the capability of vulnerable age groups, flood risk reduction actions, evacuation sites, communication tools, trained resources, and government organizations in disaster management. The strategy for improving community capacity in flood risk reduction is formulated based on the four stages of disaster risk management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In the mitigation phase, collaboration among stakeholders (BPBD Lamongan Regency, BPBD East Java, BBWS Bengawan Solo, private sector, academics, and local communities) is necessary for river and watershed management as well as flood control infrastructure. In the preparedness phase, improving the community’s readiness (vulnerable groups, local activists, IP3A) involving education, training, organization, traditional communication practices, and enhancing evacuation site facilities within the framework of Disaster-Resilient Villages. In the response phase, improvements include enhancing healthcare services, evacuation processes, social support with basic needs and economic aid, and emergency education services considering vulnerable and marginalized groups. The recovery phase involves the rehabilitation and reconstruction of public and social facilities damaged by the disaster.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Community Capacity, Risk Management, Flood Disaster, Bengawan Jero, Kapasitas Masyarakat, Manajemen Risiko, Bencana Banjir, Bengawan Jero
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alfina Nur Rahma
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2024 10:08
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2024 10:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111454

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