Rahmania, Putri Rayhani (2024) Penyisihan Polutan dalam Limbah Cair Batik dengan Adsorben Kitosan dari Limbah Selongsong Pupa Black Soldier Fly. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Industri tekstil merupakan industri yang menyumbang limbah cukup besar dalam ekosistem perairan yang berbahaya bagi makhluk hidup. Salah satunya yaitu industri batik yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Limbah cair batik mengandung berbagai polutan akibat bahan kimia dan pewarna digunakan dalam pengolahannya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya pengolahan limbahnya agar tidak mencemari sumber air. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam menyisihkan polutan dalam air limbah yaitu adsorpsi dengan menggunakan adsorben dari kitosan. Kitosan bisa didapatkan dari deasetilasi hasil ekstraksi kitin limbah selongsong pupa black soldier fly (BSF). Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan metode ekstraksi kitosan dari limbah BSF serta membandingkan karakteristiknya dengan kitosan komersial, mengkaji kemampuan adsorben kitosan dari BSF pada proses adsorpsi dengan menvariasikan jumlah adsorben dan pH, serta mengkaji efektivitas adsorben kitosan dari BSF dibandingkan dengan kitosan komersial dan karbon aktif dalam adsorpsi limbah batik.
Dalam penelitian ini kitosan dari limbah BSF diekstraksi dengan metode yang berbeda dan hasilnya dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR. Kitosan yang telah didapatkan kemudian digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk proses adsorpsi pada limbah cair batik yang mengandung zat warna napthol. Selanjutnya, dilakukan proses adsorpsi menggunakan kitosan BSF dibandingkan kitosan komersial dan karbon aktif untuk mengetahui efektivitasnya. Kandungan warna dan COD pada limbah cair sebelum dan sesudah proses diukur dengan menggunakan sprektrofotometer UV-Vis.
Hasil diperoleh bahwa selongsong pupa BSF mampu diekstraksi hingga menghasilkan kitosan dengan yield sekitar 8% untuk proses demineralisasi menggunakan HCl dan 10% untuk proses demineralisasi menggunakan HCOOH. Keberadaan kitosan berhasil dibuktikan dengan perbandingan oleh kitosan komersial di pasaran melalui analisis gugus-gugus fungsi dalam FTIR. Kitosan BSF yang menggunakan HCOOH pada proses ekstraksi selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses adsorpsi untuk menyisihkan polutan dalam limbah batik. Proses adsorpsi limbah batik mencapai kondisi optimum pada pH 4 dengan jumlah adsorben yang digunakan sebanyak 0,6 gram. Efisiensi penyisihan zat warna napthol dan COD dalam limbah batik dengan kondisi optimum dapat mencapai di atas 80% untuk semua adsorben. Hasil proses adsorpsi dalam limbah batik menunjukkan bahwa semua adsorben mengikuti kinetika adsorpsi pseudo orde kedua. Kitosan mengikuti isotermal adsorpsi Langmuir dan karbon aktif cenderung mengikuti Freundlich. Hasil SEM sebelum dan sesudah proses adsorpsi membuktikan bahwa adsorben dapat mengadsorp polutan dalam limbah.
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The textile industry is an industry that contributes considerable waste in aquatic ecosystems that are harmful to living things, one of which is the batik industry which is widely found in Indonesia. Batik liquid waste contains various pollutants due to chemicals and dyes used in its processing. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the waste so that it does not pollute water sources. One method that can be used in removing pollutants in wastewater is adsorption using adsorbents from chitosan. Chitosan can be obtained from deacetylation of chitin extraction results from pupal exuviae of black soldier fly (BSF). The objectives of this study are to determine the extraction method of chitosan from BSF waste and compare its characteristics with commercial chitosan, assess the ability of chitosan adsorbent from BSF in the adsorption process by varying the adsorbent mass and pH, and assess the effectiveness of chitosan adsorbent from BSF compared to commercial chitosan and activated carbon in the adsorption of batik waste.
In this study, chitosan will be prepared from black soldier fly waste with different methods and the results were characterized by FTIR. The chitosan that has been obtained is then used as an adsorbent for the adsorption process on batik liquid waste containing napthol dyes. Furthermore, the adsorption process was carried out using BSF chitosan compared to commercial chitosan and activated carbon to determine its effectiveness. The color and COD content of the wastewater before and after the process were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
It was found that pupal exuviae of BSF could be extracted to produce chitosan with a yield of about 8% for the demineralization process using HCl and 10% for the demineralization process using HCOOH. The presence of chitosan was successfully proven by comparison with commercial chitosan in the market through functional group analysis in FTIR. BSF chitosan using HCOOH in the extraction process was then used in the adsorption process to remove pollutants in batik waste. The adsorption process of batik waste reached optimum condition at pH 4 with the amount of adsorbent used as much as 0.6 gram. The efficiency of color and COD removal in batik waste under optimum conditions can reach above 80% for all adsorbents. The results of the adsorption process in batik waste showed that all adsorbents followed second-order pseudo adsorption kinetics. Chitosan follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm and activated carbon tends to follow Freundlich. SEM results proved that the adsorbents could adsorb pollutants in the wastewater.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | adsorben, adsorpsi, black soldier fly (BSF), kitosan, limbah batik ============================================================ adsorbent, adsorption, black soldier fly, chitosan, batik wastewater |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc. Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Putri Rayhani Rahmania |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2024 01:36 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2024 01:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111669 |
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