Evaluasi Kinerja Fuel Switching dari Batubara ke Biomassa Wood Chips pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap

Habibi, Muhamad (2024) Evaluasi Kinerja Fuel Switching dari Batubara ke Biomassa Wood Chips pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peraturan Presiden No 112 tahun 2022 mengatur penyusunan peta jalan (road map) percepatan pengakhiran waktu operasi pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Pengoperasian PLTU diperlukan penggantian sumber bahan bakar listrik tidak terbarukan dengan pembangkit yang terbarukan. Saat ini, PLTU di dominasi dengan penggunaan batubara, oleh karena itu sesuai dengan peraturan presiden no.112 tahun 2022, penelitian ini melakukan co-firing dengan mixing batubara dengan biomassa wood chips hingga fuel switching dari 100% batubara dan 100% biomassa wood chips.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di PLTU Bolok, kabupaten Kupang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. PLTU Bolok memiliki kapasitas 2x16,5 MW dan didesain untuk menggunakan batubara low rank dengan kalori 4225 kCal/kg. Fuel switching dari batubara ke biomassa wood chips pada boiler tipe circulating fluidized bed (CFB) dilakukan secara langsung (direct co-firing), dengan lima perlakuan pembakaran yaitu, 100% batubara dan 0% biomassa wood chips, 75% batubara dan 25% biomassa wood chips, 50% batubara dan 50% biomassa wood chips, 25% batubara dan 75% biomassa wood chips hingga 0% batubara dan 100% biomassa wood chips. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja pembangkit saat fuel switching dari batubara ke biomassa wood chips.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pembangkit yaitu fuel switching biomassa 100% menyebabkan unit PLTU mengalami derating 2 MW/jam, namun analisis parameter pengoperasian fuel switching masih dalam batas normal operasi yaitu FEGT 845.33 °C, temperature cyclone 943.9 °C, tekanan furnace -35 Pa dan temperature furnace 947.04 °C. Pengoperasian fuel switching biomassa menurunkan emisi NO_x dari 58,3 mg/Nm3 menjadi 47 mg/Nm3 atau setara dengan 18,4 %. Menurunkan SO_2 dari 46,3 mg/Nm3 menjadi 0,5 mg/Nm3 atau setara dengan 98,9 %. Menurunkan emisi dari CO_2 137.688,17 Kg CO_2equivalen hingga 0 Kg CO_2equivalen atau carbon neutral. Biaya pokok penyediaan (BPP) fuel switching dari batubara ke biomassa turun dari 1100 Rp/kWh menjadi 720 Rp/kWh atau setara dengan 34 % serta berpotensi mengurangi biaya pajak karbon hingga sebesar Rp. 4.130.645,22.

Kata Kunci: Batubara, Biomassa wood chips, Fuel Switching, Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
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Presidential Regulation No. 112 of 2022 regulates the preparation of a road map for accelerating the termination of the operating period of steam-powered power plants (PLTU). The operation of PLTU requires the replacement of non-renewable electricity fuel sources with renewable power plants. Currently, PLTU is dominated by the use of coal, therefore in accordance with presidential regulation no. 112 of 2022, this study conducted co-firing by mixing coal with biomass wood chips until the fuel switching from 100% coal and 100% biomass wood chips.
This research was conducted at PLTU Bolok, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. PLTU Bolok has a capacity of 2x16.5 MW and is designed to use low rank coal with a calorie of 4225 kCal/kg. Fuel switching from coal to wood chip biomass in a fluidized bed (CFB) circulation type boiler is carried out directly (direct co-firing), with five combustion treatments, namely, 100% coal and 0% wood chip biomass, 75% coal and 25% wood chip biomass, 50% coal and 50% wood chip biomass, 25% coal and 75% wood chip biomass to 0% coal and 100% wood chip biomass. This study aims to generate electricity generation when switching fuel from coal to wood chip biomass.
The results of this study indicate that the performance of the generator, namely 100% biomass fuel switching, causes the PLTU unit to experience a derating of 2 MW/hour, but the operational analysis parameters of fuel switching are still within normal operating limits, namely FEGT 845.33 °C, cyclone temperature 943.9 °C, furnace pressure - 35 Pa and furnace temperature 947.04 °C. The operation of biomass fuel switching reduces NO_x emissions from 58.3 mg/Nm3 to 47 mg/Nm3 or equivalent to 18.4%. Reduces SO_2from 46.3 mg/Nm3 to 0.5 mg/Nm3 or equivalent to 98.9%. Reduces emissions from CO_2 137,688.17 Kg CO_2equivalent to 0 Kg CO_2equivalent or carbon neutral. The cost of supply (BPP) for fuel switching from coal to biomass decreases from 1100 IDR/kWh to 720 IDR/kWh or equivalent to 34% and has the potential to reduce carbon tax costs by up to 4,130,645.22 IDR.

Keywords: Coal, Biomass wood chips, Fuel Switching, Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Batubara, Biomassa wood chips, Fuel Switching, Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler, Coal, Biomass wood chips, Fuel Switching, Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 78201-System And Technology Innovation
Depositing User:	Muhamad Habibi
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2024 04:39
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2024 04:39
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111701

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