Rachmaditasari, Rheinanda (2024) Pembuatan Biodiesel (Isopropil Ester) dari Minyak Kelapa dengan Katalis Heterogen Menggunakan Microwave. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Biodiesel merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang menawarkan banyak keunggulan, sehingga berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar diesel. Pada penelitian ini, biodiesel (isopropil ester) dibuat dari minyak kelapa melalui proses transesterifikasi dengan alkohol berupa isopropanol dan katalis heterogen (CaO dari limbah cangkang kerang hijau dan γ-Al2O3 dari tawas) menggunakan microwave. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari proses produksi biodiesel, sifat katalis heterogen yang dipreparasi, pengaruh variabel dalam transesterifikasi: jenis katalis, suhu reaksi, % katalis, serta waktu reaksi terhadap yield biodiesel. Kemudian, tujuan penelitian ini juga untuk menentukan kondisi optimum dalam memproduksi biodiesel melalui optimasi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan Box-Behnken Design (BBD) dan menentukan kinetika reaksinya. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan jenis katalis berupa CaO dan γ-Al2O3 pada berbagai kondisi operasi yaitu pada waktu reaksi 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 menit; % katalis sebesar 1, 3, 5 (wt.%); dan suhu reaksi 60, 70, 80 (oC). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa setiap variabel memberikan pengaruh terhadap yield dari biodiesel, hingga titik optimum reaksinya. Yield optimum dari optimasi BBD untuk biodiesel dengan katalis CaO adalah 94.2% dengan kondisi operasi 70.30°C, konsentrasi CaO sebesar 3.62%, dan waktu reaksi 11.77 menit. Sedangkan hasil optimasi BBD untuk produksi biodiesel dengan katalis γ-Al2O3 menunjukkan bahwa yield sebesar 70.50% dapat dicapai dengan mempertahankan suhu reaksi 68.48°C, konsentrasi γ-Al2O3 3.22%, dan waktu reaksi 20.96 menit. Selanjutnya, model kinetika reaksi pada proses transesterifikasi menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik pada model orde dua. Produksi biodiesel dengan katalis CaO diperoleh energi aktivasi (Ea) sebesar 18.41 kJ/mol dan produksi isopropil ester dengan katalis γ-Al2O3 menghasilkan nilai energi aktivasi (Ea) sebesar 21.26 kJ/mol. Produksi biodiesel dengan katalis CaO memberikan yield dan laju reaksi lebih tinggi, dengan energi aktivasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan katalis γ-Al2O3.
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Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that offers many advantages, making it a potential replacement for diesel fuel. In this study, biodiesel (isopropyl ester) was produced from coconut oil through a transesterification process using isopropanol as the alcohol and heterogeneous catalysts (CaO from green mussel shell waste and γ-Al2O3 (from alum) with a microwave. This research was conducted to study the biodiesel production process, the properties of the prepared heterogeneous catalysts, and the effects of variables in transesterification: type of catalyst, reaction temperature, % catalyst, and reaction time on the biodiesel yield. The aim of this study was also to determine the optimal conditions for biodiesel production through optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and to determine the reaction kinetics. The transesterification reaction was carried out with CaO and γ-Al2O3 catalysts under various operating conditions, including reaction times of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes; catalyst percentages of 1, 3, 5 (wt.%); and reaction temperatures of 60, 70, 80°C. The results showed that each variable had an effect on the biodiesel yield, reaching the optimal reaction point. The optimal yield from BBD optimization for biodiesel with CaO catalyst was 94.2% under operating conditions of 70.30°C, CaO concentration of 3.62%, and a reaction time of 11.77 minutes. Meanwhile, BBD optimization results for biodiesel production with γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed that a yield of 70.50% could be achieved by maintaining a reaction temperature of 68.48°C, γ-Al2O3 concentration of 3.22%, and a reaction time of 20.96 minutes. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics model for the transesterification process showed better results with a second-order model. Biodiesel production with CaO catalyst resulted in an activation energy (Ea) of 18.41 kJ/mol, and isopropyl ester production with γ-Al2O3 catalyst resulted in an activation energy (Ea) of 21.26 kJ/mol. Biodiesel production with CaO catalyst provided higher yields and reaction rates with lower activation energy compared to γ-Al2O3 catalyst.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Coconut Oil, Heterogenous Catalyst, Isopropil Ester, Isopropyl Ester, Katalis Heterogen, Microwave, Minyak Kelapa, Transesterifikasi, Transesterification. |
Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. |
Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
Depositing User: | Rheinanda Rachmaditasari |
Date Deposited: | 07 Aug 2024 01:24 |
Last Modified: | 07 Aug 2024 01:24 |
URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/111821 |
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